Ecosystems: Populations and Interactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area?

  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Biosphere
  • Population (correct)

    • The influence abiotic factors exert on biotic factors is called a reaction.

    False (B)

    What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

    A community is a group of populations living in the same area and interacting. An ecosystem includes a community and the abiotic components of its environment.

    The relationships between organisms are called ______.

    <p>interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT an example of an interspecific interaction?

    <p>Intraspecific competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Predator = An organism that is eaten by another organism Prey = An organism that eats another organism Food chain = A series of predator-prey relationships linked together Food web = A complex network of predator-prey relationships where most animals consume a variety of organisms as food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary consumer in a terrestrial food chain?

    <p>Owl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Producers are organisms that generate food for themselves, while consumers rely on other organisms for food.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the divisions of the food chain based on the successive intake of nutrition?

    <p>Trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animals that eat plants are called ______.

    <p>herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following animals with their corresponding trophic levels:

    <p>Grasshopper = Primary consumer Frog = Secondary consumer Fox = Tertiary consumer Golden eagle = Quaternary consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single species can occupy multiple trophic levels at the same time depending on its diet and environment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for the food chain in the soil?

    <p>Fallen leaves and plant roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is NOT a producer in aquatic food chains?

    <p>Animal plankton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The factors that limit the population growth of apex predators are collectively known as ______.

    <p>environmental resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Even though primary consumers are eaten by predators, they do not die out because they are more numerous and reproduce quickly.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Ecosystem

    A system made of a community and abiotic components of an environment.

    Population

    A group of individuals of the same species in a specific area.

    Community

    A group of different populations living and interacting in the same area.

    Interactions

    Relationships between organisms, including effects on each other and their environments.

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    Abiotic factors

    Non-living elements of an environment like air, water, and temperature.

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    Biotic factors

    Living components of an ecosystem, including all organisms.

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    Interspecific interaction

    When the population of one species affects another species.

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    Food chain

    A linear sequence showing who eats whom in an ecosystem.

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    Food web

    A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

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    Predator-prey relationship

    The dynamic where one organism eats another.

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    Producers

    Organisms that create their own food through photosynthesis, like plants.

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    Consumers

    Organisms that obtain organic matter by eating other organisms.

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    Primary Consumers

    Herbivores that eat producers; first level of consumers in a food chain.

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    Secondary Consumers

    Carnivores that eat primary consumers; second level of consumers in a food chain.

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    Tertiary Consumers

    Carnivores that eat secondary consumers; higher level consumers in a food chain.

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    Trophic Levels

    The hierarchical levels in a food chain defined by who eats whom.

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    Apex Predators

    Top predators in an ecosystem, with no natural enemies.

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    Environmental Resistance

    Factors that limit population growth, preventing overpopulation of species.

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    Quaternary Consumers

    Consumers that eat tertiary consumers; the fourth level in a food chain.

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    Food Chains in Water

    Chains that illustrate energy flow through aquatic ecosystems, starting with algae.

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    Study Notes

    Ecosystems: Populations, Communities, and Interactions

    • Ecosystems: Systems of interacting living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) in a specific area
    • Population: Group of individuals of the same species in the same geographic area
    • Community: Group of populations interacting in a shared area
    • Ecosystem definition: A community interacting with its abiotic environment
    • Interspecific interaction: Interactions between populations of different species, including competition, symbiosis, and predator-prey relationships.

    Food Chains and Food Webs

    • Predators and Prey: Animals that eat other organisms are predators, and those eaten are prey - forming predator-prey relationships.
    • Food Chains: A series of predator-prey relationships that link organisms together and flow in a chain in the transfer of nutrition
    • Food Webs: A complex interconnection of food chains; many animals eat a variety of foods
    • Producers: Organisms (plants) that synthesize their own food from inorganic matter
    • Consumers: Organisms that consume producers or other consumers
    • Trophic Levels: Levels based on the intake of nutrition in a food chain/web
      • Primary consumers (herbivores)
      • Secondary consumers
      • Tertiary consumers
      • Quaternary consumers
      • Quinary consumers

    Food Chains in Different Environments

    • Land Food Chains: Begin with plants as producers, followed by herbivores (primary consumers), then carnivores (secondary/tertiary/etc.), with apex predators at higher trophic levels
    • Soil Food Chains: Fallen leaves and roots act as producers, consumed by primary consumers (e.g., earthworms), then secondary consumers.
    • Water Food Chains: Algae (producers) are eaten by primary consumers (plankton, shellfish), which are eaten by secondary consumers (fish, starfish).

    Food Chain Dynamics

    • Species Survival: Plant and animal populations can exist and survive despite being prey because of their abundance and high reproductive capacity
    • Apex Predators: Predatory animals at the top of the food chain, though their populations don't grow infinitely, facing environmental resistance due to factors like decreased prey, disease, or reproductive limitations.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate relationships within ecosystems, focusing on populations, communities, and the various interactions among them. This quiz covers concepts such as food chains and food webs, detailing the roles of predators and prey. Test your knowledge on biotic and abiotic factors that shape ecosystems.

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