Ecosystems and Biomes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor within an ecosystem?

  • Fungi (correct)
  • Soil composition
  • Average temperature
  • Water availability

Decomposition is a process where plants absorb nutrients directly from the atmosphere.

False (B)

Name one abiotic factor that significantly influences an ecosystem.

temperature

The transfer of energy from producers to consumers can be illustrated through a food ________.

<p>chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biome regions with their climate characteristics:

<p>Tropical Rainforest = Hot and wet year-round Deserts = Very hot days, cold nights, low rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is most typical of tropical rainforest soil?

<p>Poor in nutrients due to rapid leaching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective logging is a sustainable management strategy that involves clear-cutting entire forest areas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one adaptation of plants in the tropical rainforest to deal with high rainfall.

<p>drip-tip leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deforestation in tropical rainforests can be driven by logging, farming, and ________.

<p>mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the threat to the appropriate sustainable management strategy:

<p>Deforestation = Reforestation Environmental harm due to unsustainable tourism = Ecotourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these processes returns nutrients to the soil after a plant or animal dies?

<p>Decomposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A food web is simpler than a food chain because it only shows one path of energy transfer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one major global biome characterized by low rainfall and extreme temperature variations.

<p>desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

Buttress roots are an adaptation of trees in rainforests for structural ________.

<p>support</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each organism with its role in a food chain:

<p>Plants = Producers Herbivores = Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biome is characterized by having the highest biodiversity on Earth?

<p>Tropical Rainforest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecotourism focuses on promoting unsustainable travel practices to maximize profits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In deserts, what is one adaptation animals might have to conserve water?

<p>nocturnal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

The breakdown of rocks releasing minerals into the soil is known as ________.

<p>weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its description:

<p>Abiotic Factor = Non-living components of an ecosystem Biotic Factor = Living components of an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tropical rainforests tend to have poor nutrient soil despite high biodiversity?

<p>Rapid leaching of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reforestation involves clearing forested areas for agricultural use.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average temperature range in tropical rainforests?

<p>25-30°c</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ is a threat to the rainforests that involves the removal of trees for commercial purposes.

<p>logging</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the adaptation to the biome

<p>Drip tips = Tropical rainforests Nocturnal behavior = Deserts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of sustainable management in tropical rainforests?

<p>Selective logging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Climate change does not impact the rainfall patterns in tropical rainforests.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for travel that minimizes environmental impact?

<p>ecotourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

A more complex network of interconnected food chains is called a food ________.

<p>web</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biome with the temperature pattern:

<p>Tropical Rainforest = Temperature 25–30°C all year Desert = Very hot in the day (50°C), cold at night (-10°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an ecosystem?

A system where living organisms interact with each other and their environment.

What are biotic factors?

Living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.

What are abiotic factors?

Non-living components of an ecosystem like climate, soil, water, and temperature.

What is Nutrient Cycling?

The transfer of nutrients between biotic and abiotic components within an ecosystem.

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What is Decomposition?

Dead organisms broken down by decomposers, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

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What is Absorption?

Plants take in nutrients, passing them up the food chain when consumed by animals.

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What is Weathering?

Rocks break down, releasing minerals into the soil.

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What is a food chain?

Shows the transfer of energy from producers to consumers.

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What is a food web?

A complex network of interconnected food chains.

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What are Tropical Rainforests?

Hot and wet all year, poor soil, and the highest biodiversity of any biome.

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What are Buttress roots?

Trees with large roots that provide stability in shallow rainforest soils.

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What are Drip-tip leaves?

Leaves with pointed tips that allow excess water to run off easily.

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What is camouflage?

Animals like sloths and jaguars blend in with their surroundings.

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What is Deforestation?

The clearing of forests for other land uses.

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What is Selective logging?

A type of logging where only specific trees are cut down.

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What is Ecotourism?

Travel that minimizes environmental impact and supports local communities.

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What is Reforestation?

Replanting trees to restore deforested areas

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What are Deserts?

Very hot days, cold nights, and very low rainfall.

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Study Notes

  • An ecosystem describes living organisms interacting with each other and their environment.
  • Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem, e.g. plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
  • Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem, e.g. climate, soil, water, and temperature.

Nutrient Cycling

  • Nutrients transfer between biotic and abiotic components within an ecosystem.
  • Decomposition occurs, where dead organisms break down by decomposers (fungi, bacteria), and release nutrients back into the soil.
  • Plants absorb soil nutrients, which are then passed up the food chain.
  • Weathering occurs, where rocks break down, and release minerals into the soil.

Food Chains & Webs

  • A food chain shows the transfer of energy from producers (plants) to consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
  • A food web constitutes a more complex network of interconnected food chains.

Major Global Biomes: Tropical Rainforests

  • Location: Amazon, Congo, Southeast Asia.
  • Climate: Hot and wet all year, with temperatures of 25–30°C, and rainfall of 2000mm+ per year.
  • Soil: Poor nutrients due to rapid leaching and decomposition.
  • Biodiversity: The highest biodiversity of any biome.

Adaptations in the Rainforest

  • Trees have buttress roots for support in the shallow soil.
  • Drip-tip leaves shed excess water.
  • Animals are camouflaged, such as sloths and jaguars.

Threats to the Rainforest

  • Deforestation occurs due to logging, farming, and mining.
  • Climate change impacts rainfall patterns.

Sustainable Management Strategies for Rainforests

  • Selective logging is practiced, where only certain trees are cut to reduce deforestation.
  • Ecotourism encourages sustainable travel and conservation.
  • Reforestation replants trees to restore ecosystems.

Major Global Biomes: Deserts

  • Location: Sahara, Thar, Mojave, Sonoran.
  • Climate: Very hot in the day (50°C), and cold at night (-10°C), with low rainfall.

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