Ecosystem Food Chains
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

  • To regulate the population of primary consumers
  • To compete with tertiary consumers for resources
  • To break down dead organic matter and release nutrients (correct)
  • To convert sunlight into energy
  • Which type of biodiversity is concerned with the variety of genes within a species?

  • Genetic diversity (correct)
  • Ecosystem diversity
  • Species diversity
  • Ecological diversity
  • What is the term for the process of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to usable forms?

  • Uptake
  • Denitrification
  • Decomposition
  • Nitrogen fixation (correct)
  • What is the final stage of ecological succession?

    <p>Climax community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of energy flow in a food chain?

    <p>From producer to tertiary consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ecosystem

    Food Chains

    • A series of organisms that eat other organisms, with each level being consumed by the next
    • Energy flows from one level to the next, with some energy being lost as heat
    • Producers (plants, algae) convert sunlight into energy, which is then passed to:
      • Primary consumers (herbivores) that eat producers
      • Secondary consumers (carnivores) that eat primary consumers
      • Tertiary consumers (top predators) that eat secondary consumers
    • Decomposers (bacteria, fungi) break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem

    Biodiversity

    • The variety of different species, genes, and ecosystems in an environment
    • Includes:
      • Species diversity: number of different species in an ecosystem
      • Genetic diversity: variety of genes within a species
      • Ecosystem diversity: variety of ecosystems in a region
    • Importance:
      • Maintains ecosystem resilience and stability
      • Provides ecosystem services (e.g. pollination, pest control)
      • Offers potential for new medicines, foods, and other resources

    Ecological Succession

    • The process of change in species composition in an ecosystem over time
    • Types:
      • Primary succession: occurs in areas with no previous vegetation (e.g. after volcanic eruption)
      • Secondary succession: occurs in areas with existing vegetation (e.g. after forest fire)
    • Stages:
      • Pioneer species: first species to colonize an area
      • Intermediate species: species that replace pioneers
      • Climax community: stable, mature ecosystem

    Nutrient Cycling

    • The process of nutrients being converted between different forms, making them available to organisms
    • Key nutrients:
      • Carbon (C)
      • Nitrogen (N)
      • Phosphorus (P)
    • Processes:
      • Nitrogen fixation: conversion of atmospheric N to usable forms
      • Denitrification: conversion of usable N back to atmospheric N
      • Decomposition: breakdown of organic matter, releasing nutrients
      • Uptake: organisms absorb nutrients from the environment

    Food Chains

    • A series of organisms that eat other organisms, with each level being consumed by the next
    • Energy flows from one level to the next, with some energy being lost as heat
    • Producers (plants, algae) convert sunlight into energy, which is then passed to:
      • Primary consumers (herbivores) that eat producers
      • Secondary consumers (carnivores) that eat primary consumers
      • Tertiary consumers (top predators) that eat secondary consumers
    • Decomposers (bacteria, fungi) break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem

    Biodiversity

    • The variety of different species, genes, and ecosystems in an environment
    • Includes species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity
    • Maintains ecosystem resilience and stability
    • Provides ecosystem services (e.g. pollination, pest control)
    • Offers potential for new medicines, foods, and other resources

    Ecological Succession

    • The process of change in species composition in an ecosystem over time
    • Types: primary succession and secondary succession
    • Stages:
      • Pioneer species: first species to colonize an area
      • Intermediate species: species that replace pioneers
      • Climax community: stable, mature ecosystem

    Nutrient Cycling

    • The process of nutrients being converted between different forms, making them available to organisms
    • Key nutrients: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)
    • Processes:
      • Nitrogen fixation: conversion of atmospheric N to usable forms
      • Denitrification: conversion of usable N back to atmospheric N
      • Decomposition: breakdown of organic matter, releasing nutrients
      • Uptake: organisms absorb nutrients from the environment

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    Description

    Learn about the flow of energy in ecosystems through food chains, from producers to top predators, and the role of decomposers.

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