Chapter 1

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What is the definition of a market economy?

An economy where all resources are equally distributed among the population
An economy where decisions about production and consumption are made by individual producers and consumers (correct)
An economy where individuals do not have the freedom to make their own choices
An economy where there is a central authority dictating production and consumption decisions

What is the main difference between a market economy and a command economy?

In a market economy, there is no production of goods and services, while in a command economy, there is
In a market economy, individuals do not have the freedom to make choices, while in a command economy, they do
In a market economy, there is a central authority making decisions, while in a command economy, decisions are made by individual producers and consumers (correct)
In a market economy, resources are equally distributed, while in a command economy, resources are scarce

According to Principle #1 of economics, why are choices necessary?

Because resources are abundant and can meet all societal demands
Because resources are equally distributed among all individuals
Because resources are scarce and cannot satisfy all the ways society wants to use them (correct)
Because there is no need for decision-making in the economic system

What is considered the true cost of something according to economics?

The opportunity cost of choosing that item over the next best alternative (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies how people make decisions and how these decisions interact?

Microeconomics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the way individual pursuit of self-interest can benefit society as a whole?

Invisible Hand (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Production Possibility Frontier model?

To show the maximum quantity of goods that can be produced with given resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does economic growth result in, according to the text?

An expansion of production possibilities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is opportunity cost defined as in the text?

What must be given up to get a good or service (D) Signup and view all the answers

Inefficient allocation in an economy means:

Producing more of some things without producing less of others (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a country have if its opportunity cost of producing a good is lower than other countries'?

Comparative advantage (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which model provides a clear illustration of the gains from trade?

Comparative Advantage Model (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Circular Flow Diagram according to the text?

To represent transactions in an economy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of 'marginal decisions' discussed in the text?

Comparing the costs and benefits of activities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines an 'incentive'?

A reward offered for changing behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do markets usually reach equilibrium, as per Principle #6?

Via price changes until no better opportunities exist (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind 'specialization' in the context of trade?

Each person focuses on tasks they excel at (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do government policies intervene when markets fail to achieve efficiency?

By designing policies to improve resource allocation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high overall spending in an economy, as described in Principle #11?

'Inflation', leading to a rise in prices throughout the economy (C) Signup and view all the answers

In economics, what does 'model' refer to?

A representation of reality used to understand real-life situations better (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Equilibrium' in markets means:

'Optimal allocation' of resources with no further gains possible (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do people usually respond to incentives according to the text?

By exploiting opportunities to make themselves better off (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind 'Mareginal Analysis' as discussed in the text?

Studying decisions about doing more or less of an activity (C) Signup and view all the answers