Economics Unit 2: Finance and Economic Growth
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Questions and Answers

What is the core function of the financial system according to the functional approach?

  • Reducing the conflict between surplus-fund and deficit-fund agents
  • Introducing money to facilitate barter exchange
  • Allocating resources over space and time (correct)
  • Facilitating specialisation and exchange

Which approach concerns the relationship between financial structure and provision of financial services?

  • The market-based approach
  • The instrumental approach
  • The functional approach (correct)
  • The institutional approach

What is the role of money in economic growth according to the instrumental approach?

  • Allocating resources over space and time
  • Resolving conflict between surplus-fund and deficit-fund agents (correct)
  • Providing financial security
  • Facilitating specialisation and exchange

What facilitates specialisation and exchange?

<p>Money (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the institutional approach?

<p>Banking and stock market developments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the introduction of money resolve according to the text?

<p>Conflict between surplus-fund and deficit-fund agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the financial system according to the functional approach?

<p>Facilitating resource allocation over space and time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the financial system involves encouraging the emergence of the best entrepreneurs and promoting the best technological innovations?

<p>Reduction of Information Costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key uncertainty related to a future course of events called?

<p>Liquidity risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do capital markets help to overcome savers' reluctance to lose liquidity for a long time?

<p>By providing demand deposits and short-term loans guaranteed by long-term deposits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect discourages small investors from contributing to the production process within an economy?

<p>The cost of projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What encourages financial intermediaries to encourage entrepreneurs to avoid risks?

<p>Value of debt claims used in financing the project falls as risk increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is performed by financial institutions by transferring the ownership of the project to different shareholders?

<p>Risk Reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the uncertainty involved in converting assets into money known as?

<p>'Liquidity risk' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Asymmetry of information' problem is related to the reduction of which costs?

<p>'Information costs' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key determinant of the quality of the financial system, according to the legal-based approach?

<p>A legal system that protects investors and enforces contracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Agency' problem related to?

<p>The conflict between shareholders and management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives fund providers the right to appeal to the courts to enforce their rights?

<p>The violation of project terms by the financial investor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates research on the quality of financial services provided, according to the text?

<p>Financial crises experienced in the 1990s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the legal-based approach with regards to the financial system?

<p>Protecting investors and enforcing contracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Agency' problem in corporate governance refer to?

<p>The conflict between shareholders and company management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can deter small investors from investing in a specific project according to the text?

<p>High interest rates for project funding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one fundamental explanation for investors providing funds when they are optimistic about the future of projects?

<p>Reputation of the borrower or project (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to lead to weak portfolios in the banking system according to the text?

<p>Directed credit allocation and an interest rate ceiling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do low nominal interest rates below the equilibrium market discourage according to the text?

<p>Capital-intensive investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is increased at the international level following financial liberalization?

<p>Foreign exchange risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulated by a newly liberalized financial system following financial liberalization?

<p>Private capital flows generally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one feature of financial system distortion according to the text?

<p>Inflation-push policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one impact of financial distortion in the financial market according to the text?

<p>Driving transactions into Curb markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high interest rate ceiling do to the discount factor in many LDCs, according to the text?

<p>Discourages it by providing cheap finance for government budgets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does financial liberalization incentivize firms to do, according to the text?

<p>Become involved in more risky projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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