Week 4: Elasticity

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Questions and Answers

What best describes a demand curve that is elastic?

  • An increase in price leads to a significant decrease in quantity demanded. (correct)
  • An increase in price does not affect quantity demanded at all.
  • An increase in price leads to an increase in quantity demanded.
  • An increase in price leads to a minor decrease in quantity demanded.

What is true about the price elasticity of supply?

  • It measures how responsive the quantity supplied is to price changes. (correct)
  • It only applies to luxury goods and not necessities.
  • It remains constant regardless of market conditions.
  • It indicates how much demand changes when prices rise.

How do linear demand or supply curves compare if they pass through the same point?

  • Both curves have the same elasticity at that point.
  • The curve that is steeper is more elastic.
  • The elasticity cannot be determined without more information.
  • The curve that is flatter is more elastic. (correct)

Which factor does NOT influence the price elasticity of demand?

<p>Government regulations on production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when demand is inelastic?

<p>Quantity demanded remains relatively unchanged despite price increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if the price elasticity of demand is less than 1?

<p>Demand is inelastic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the case of perfectly elastic demand?

<p>Any price increase results in zero quantity demanded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is total revenue affected if demand is elastic?

<p>Total revenue decreases with a price increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the calculation of price elasticity of demand, how is the percentage change in quantity demanded calculated?

<p>(New quantity - Original quantity) / Original quantity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding unit-elastic demand?

<p>The price elasticity of demand exactly equals 1. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the price of a good rises and the demand is inelastic, what is the likely effect on total revenue?

<p>Total revenue will increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication of price inelastic demand?

<p>The percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do economists estimate price elasticity of demand?

<p>To understand and predict market outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components contribute to the overall impact on total revenue when a seller raises prices?

<p>Price effect and quantity effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a good with unit-elastic demand (price elasticity of demand = 1), how does a price increase affect total revenue?

<p>Total revenue remains the same (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the price elasticity of demand if a price increase leads to a total revenue drop?

<p>Elastic demand (elasticity &gt; 1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a price of €1.10 and with inelastic demand, how much total revenue is generated when the quantity sold is 950?

<p>€1,045 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to total revenue if the price of a good with elastic demand increases?

<p>Total revenue decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is total revenue calculated using price and quantity sold?

<p>Total Revenue = Price × Quantity Sold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, what type of demand is it considered?

<p>Inelastic demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total revenue when the price is set at €0.90 for 1,200 units with elastic demand?

<p>€1,080 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When demand is perfectly inelastic, what will happen to total revenue if the price increases?

<p>Total revenue increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the quantity sold at a price of €0.90 is 1,100, what is the total revenue?

<p>€990 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does price elasticity of demand measure?

<p>The response of quantity demanded to price changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the price of a vaccination rises from €20 to €21 and the quantity demanded falls from 10 million to 9.9 million, what is the percentage change in quantity demanded?

<p>-1% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the information provided, what is the calculated price elasticity of demand based on the changes described?

<p>-0.2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the midpoint method preferred when calculating the price elasticity of demand?

<p>It provides a standard result regardless of direction of price change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating % change in price using the example given, what is the % change when price rises from €20 to €21?

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used to compute the average value in the midpoint method?

<p>(Starting value + Final value) / 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the midpoint method address when calculating price elasticity of demand?

<p>Choice of starting point for percentage changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a price elasticity of demand of -0.2 indicate?

<p>Demand is inelastic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the price of vaccinations increases by 5% and the quantity demanded decreases by 1%, what would the price elasticity of demand be?

<p>-0.2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the quantity demanded in relation to price changes?

<p>Quantity demanded decreases as price increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Total Revenue

  • Total revenue earned by a seller is calculated by multiplying price per unit by the total quantity sold
  • Total revenue is influenced by both price and quantity sold

Elasticity and Total Revenue

  • Price Elasticity of Demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price
  • Total revenue can be influenced by two opposing effects when price changes
    • Price effect: Increasing price increases revenue per unit sold
    • Quantity effect: Increasing price decreases total quantity sold
  • The overall impact of price change on total revenue depends on the relative strength of these two effects

Effect of Price Increase on Total Revenue

  • When demand is elastic, an increase in price leads to a decrease in total revenue (quantity effect dominates price effect)
  • When demand is inelastic, an increase in price leads to an increase in total revenue(price effect dominates quantity effect)
  • When demand is unit elastic, an increase in price has no impact on total revenue (price effect and quantity effect perfectly offset each other)

Price Elasticity of Demand

  • Price Elasticity of Demand measures how much quantity demanded responds to price changes
  • A more elastic demand curve implies a larger change in quantity demanded for a given price change
  • Elasticity Rule: For two linear demand/supply curves passing through the same point, the flatter curve is more elastic
  • The midpoint formula is used to calculate the price elasticity of demand and ensures consistent results regardless of the direction of the change

Interpreting Price Elasticity of Demand

  • Perfectly inelastic demand means quantity demanded does not change with price changes, represented by a vertical demand curve
  • Perfectly elastic demand means any price increase results in zero quantity demanded, represented by a horizontal demand curve
  • Elastic demand means a percentage change in price leads to a larger percentage change in quantity demanded
  • Inelastic demand means a percentage change in price leads to a smaller percentage change in quantity demanded
  • Unit-elastic demand means a percentage change in price leads to an equal percentage change in quantity demanded

Estimating Elasticities

  • Understanding price elasticity of demand is crucial for predicting market outcomes and for decision-making by producers.
  • Economists and market analysts use various methods to estimate price elasticity of demand.

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