Whatever Happened to Justice Ch 11
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Questions and Answers

What is the likely outcome when force is introduced in a transaction?

  • Both parties will profit.
  • At least one party will suffer a loss. (correct)
  • The transaction will remain neutral.
  • The government will regulate the transaction better.

What is indicated as a consequence of the government growing large?

  • Civilization advances significantly.
  • The benefits of transactions will outweigh the costs.
  • Increased individual freedoms.
  • Losses begin to outnumber gains. (correct)

What role does voluntary participation play in the concept of trade?

  • It is essential for minimizing loss. (correct)
  • It guarantees profit for everyone.
  • It discourages governmental oversight.
  • It negates the need for agreements.

What is described as the foundation of economic calculation leading to progress?

<p>Scientific law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to civilization when transactions involve force or fraud?

<p>Civilization moves slightly backward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a government-controlled economy according to the content?

<p>Many transactions yield losses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial for the chain of agreements in a free society?

<p>Dependency among parties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely effect of an individual's non-voluntary participation in a trade?

<p>Potential for a personal loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not align with the concept of a free market?

<p>Governmental intervention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are scientific laws important in economics?

<p>They support effective economic calculation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Free Trade

A voluntary exchange where both parties benefit and civilization progresses.

Force or Fraud in Trade

When force or fraud is involved in a transaction, at least one party suffers a loss, and civilization moves backward.

Force in Government-Controlled Economy

A government-controlled economy, where force is used in many transactions, often leading to losses for individuals.

Chains of Agreements

A chain of agreements between individuals or businesses, where each participant relies on the others for goods and services.

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Economic Calculation

The ability to accurately measure the value of goods and services in a free market, leading to economic progress.

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Free Markets and Abundance

The principle that free markets are the best way to produce abundance and improve society.

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Free Exchange

When businesses and individuals can freely exchange goods and services without unnecessary government intervention.

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Civilization Moving Forward

The natural tendency for civilization to advance when free trade and voluntary exchange prevail.

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Civilization Moving Backward

The negative impact on civilization when force or fraud disrupt free trade.

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Hidden Losses

The hidden consequences of forced or fraudulent transactions, which may not be immediately obvious but eventually lead to losses.

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Study Notes

Force and Fraud in Transactions

  • Force in Transactions: Force, whether from a government or criminal, in a transaction creates losses for one party. This is because the individual being forced might not value the exchange.
  • Loss from Force/Fraud: Transactions involving force or fraud result in one or more parties experiencing a loss. Someone sacrifices something worth more than what they receive. This negatively impacts civilization.
  • Examples of Force: Taxes, government-controlled economies. Millions of transactions involve forced exchanges daily.
  • Loss Guarantee: Force guarantees at least one participant will incur a loss.
  • Loss in Civilizational Progress: When the losses from force outweigh the benefits in a society, civilization will decline. An example occurred in the early 1970s.
  • Free Markets and Economic Progress: Free markets aid effective economic calculations leading to advancements/progress.

Chains of Agreements

  • Interdependent System: Free societies operate through interconnected chains of agreements. Participants (farmers, millers, bakers, restaurants) are each links in this chain, relying on others.
  • Breakdown: Breaking an agreement anywhere in the chain disrupts the entire system, leaving everyone with reduced resources.

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Description

This quiz explores the impact of force and fraud in economic transactions. It delves into how these factors create losses for individuals and affect societal progress. Learn about the consequences of enforced exchanges and the importance of free markets in fostering economic advancement.

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