Economics: Money Supply and Demand Deposits

What is the primary consequence of a significant increase in the money supply in an economy?

A decrease in the demand for goods and services
A shift in the demand for near-money instruments
An imbalance between the amount of money and the quantity of goods and services (correct)
An increase in the value of goods and services

What is the main component of the M1 money supply?

Savings accounts and time deposits
Government securities and near-money instruments
Commercial loans and credit facilities
Physical currency and demand deposits (correct)

What is the primary purpose of open market operations?

To increase the reserve requirement for banks
To provide loans to individuals and businesses
To regulate the banking industry
To control the money supply and influence interest rates (correct)

What is the main source of revenue for banks?

Borrowing money from depositors and compensating them with a certain interest rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are excess reserves in banking?

Reserves held by a bank in excess of a reserve requirement set by a central bank (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the discount rate in banking?

The interest rate charged by a central bank on loans to commercial banks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges commercial banks and other financial institutions for?

Short-term loans (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general idea behind the quote from Milton and Rose Friedman?

That voluntary exchanges will not occur unless both parties believe they will benefit (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in the nominal rate of interest tend to do?

Increase borrowing costs and reduce consumer spending (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the opportunity cost of holding money when interest rates decrease?

It decreases, making holding money more attractive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that influence the demand for money?

Interest rates, income levels, and transaction needs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the demand for money when income and interest rates rise?

It tends to increase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the short-run effect of the Federal Reserve increasing its bond purchases?

Lower interest rates and increased money supply (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of an increase in the money supply?

Lower interest rates and inflation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would the Federal Reserve most likely do in the event of a recession?

Implement expansionary monetary policies (D) Signup and view all the answers

When would an expansionary monetary policy most likely increase real output?

During a period of economic recession (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inflation?

An increase in the overall money supply (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity of money?

The rate at which money is exchanged in an economy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of rational choice decision-making?

To maximize preferences or utility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the opportunity cost of choosing a particular option?

The value of the next best alternative forgone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a demand schedule indicate?

The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of demand?

The principle that, all else being equal, as the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity demanded increases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is consumer surplus?

The difference between the maximum willingness to pay and the market price (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes a shift in the demand curve?

A change in consumer tastes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of subtracting total costs from total revenue in a business or economic activity?

Profit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of entrepreneurs?

Innovation and willingness to take risks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the price of a product when there is a surplus in the market?

It decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for market equilibrium and market efficiency to be consistent?

Equilibrium price and quantity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to changes in the quantity demanded for certain products?

Changes in consumer preferences (C) Signup and view all the answers