Economics concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of opportunity cost?

  • A country exports goods to another country, resulting in a trade surplus.
  • A company invests in new machinery, leading to increased production and higher revenues.
  • A consumer buys a product on sale, saving money compared to the original price.
  • A government decides to increase spending on education, leading to a decrease in healthcare funding. (correct)

Which action exemplifies expansionary fiscal policy?

  • The government lowers income tax rates for individuals and corporations. (correct)
  • The central bank increases the reserve requirements for commercial banks.
  • The government reduces its spending on infrastructure projects.
  • The central bank sells government securities in the open market.

What is the primary goal of contractionary monetary policy?

  • To increase employment levels in the short term.
  • To control inflation by reducing the money supply. (correct)
  • To encourage borrowing and investment by lowering interest rates.
  • To stimulate economic growth during a recession.

Which trade policy is characterized by the absence of tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions on goods and services crossing national borders?

<p>Free Trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To regulate international trade and resolve trade disputes between countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following policies is most closely associated with supply-side economics?

<p>Reducing tax rates to incentivize investment and production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following economic indicators is considered a lagging indicator?

<p>The unemployment rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) primarily involve?

<p>Investment made by a company in one country into business interests located in another country. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept from behavioral economics explains why individuals might make irrational decisions based on mental shortcuts?

<p>Heuristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely effect of a country's central bank lowering the reserve requirements for commercial banks?

<p>An increase in the money supply and lower interest rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Economic Policy

Government actions to influence economic outcomes.

Economic Growth

Increase in goods and services production over time.

Full Employment

Economy operating at potential with low joblessness.

Price Stability

Maintaining a stable overall cost of goods.

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Fiscal Policy

Government adjusts spending/taxes to manage the economy.

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Expansionary Fiscal Policy

Increasing government spending or decreasing taxes.

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Contractionary Fiscal Policy

Decreasing government spending or increasing taxes.

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Monetary Policy

Central bank controls money supply to influence economy.

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Open Market Operations

Buying/selling securities to affect money/interest rates.

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Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

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Study Notes

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