Economics Concepts and Branches
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Questions and Answers

Which category of needs includes basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter?

  • Secondary needs
  • Limited needs
  • Primary needs (correct)
  • Tertiary needs

Which factor is NOT directly affecting consumption?

  • Size of the household
  • Consumer preferences
  • Price of goods
  • Market competition (correct)

What is the primary role of entrepreneurship in the production process?

  • Combining inputs to create products (correct)
  • Providing raw materials
  • Utilizing technology
  • Managing labor groups

Which type of distribution involves several intermediaries between the producer and the consumer?

<p>Indirect distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a tertiary need?

<p>Luxury travel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the primary objective of production in an economic setting?

<p>Profit maximization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of need requires immediate attention, such as in cases of medical emergencies?

<p>Immediate needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor affecting distribution?

<p>Producer's financial capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'scarcity' refer to in economics?

<p>The limited availability of resources compared to unlimited wants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the economy as a whole?

<p>Macroeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scarcity refer to in economics?

<p>The limited resources available to meet unlimited wants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main economic activity involves converting raw materials into finished goods?

<p>Production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect scarcity?

<p>Consumer preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'applied economics' primarily focus on?

<p>Practical applications of economic principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of studying economics?

<p>Guaranteeing wealth accumulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intrinsic economic motive?

<p>Personal satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic principle is primarily concerned with making choices due to limited resources?

<p>Scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an opportunity cost?

<p>The next best alternative forgone when making a choice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines collective needs?

<p>Requirements that fulfill community goals and welfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does descriptive economics primarily present economic phenomena?

<p>Using tables, graphs, and charts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of needs in the context of economics?

<p>Fundamental requirements for survival and wellbeing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does income level affect individual needs?

<p>Higher income usually results in more complex and diverse needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on making decisions based on logical cost-benefit analysis?

<p>Rationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions can help deal with scarcity?

<p>Prioritizing needs and utilizing resources wisely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Factors of Production

Resources used to create goods and services.

Capital (factor of production)

Resources used to create more goods and services.

Distribution

Moving goods from producers to consumers.

Direct Distribution

Goods go straight from producer to consumer.

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Consumption

Using goods and services to meet needs and wants.

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Primary Need

Essential need for survival; food, water, shelter.

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Secondary Need

Needs that provide comfort and ease; like a nice home.

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Consumption Factors

Influences on how much people buy; like price and income.

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Individual Needs

Needs that cater to a person's individual needs, such as clothing and hobbies.

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Collective Needs

Needs that benefit the community as a whole, such as public health initiatives or transportation infrastructure.

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Opportunity Cost

The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when making a decision.

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Scarcity

The fundamental economic problem of having unlimited wants and needs but limited resources to satisfy them.

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Natural Resource Limitations

The Earth has finite natural resources to meet all human needs.

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Economic Actions

Decisions made and implemented by economic actors to engage in economic activity.

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Rational Economic Actions

Making decisions based on weighing costs and benefits.

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Economic Motives

The driving forces behind economic actions.

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Choice

The decision-making process that individuals and societies make when faced with scarcity. They must prioritize and allocate resources to satisfy their most urgent wants.

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Descriptive Economics

This branch of economics systematically describes economic situations in a society using data, tables, graphs, and charts. It focuses on 'what is' in the economy.

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Economic Theory

This branch analyzes economic events and relationships to formulate theories or laws of economics. It seeks to explain 'why things happen' in the economy.

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Microeconomics

This branch focuses on the behavior of individual economic units like consumers, producers, and specific markets. It looks at the ‘trees’ of the economy.

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Macroeconomics

This branch studies the economy as a whole, focusing on issues like national income, employment, inflation, and economic growth. It looks at the 'forest' of the economy.

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Applied Economics

This branch uses economic theory to solve real-world economic problems. It bridges the gap between theory and real-life applications.

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Production

The process of combining resources, like labor and capital, to create goods and/or services that have value and can be exchanged.

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Study Notes

Economic Concepts

  • Economics is the study of how humans use limited resources to satisfy unlimited needs and wants.
  • The concept of scarcity is fundamental to economics – resources are limited, while wants are unlimited.
  • Choices must be made about how to use resources.
  • Economics is about making rational choices to use resources efficiently.

Branches of Economics

  • Descriptive Economics: Describes economic events, trends and statistics, using graphs and tables.
  • Theoretical Economics: Analysis of economic relationships to explain economic phenomena and create economic laws.
    • Microeconomics: Studies individual economic units (like markets and consumers).
    • Macroeconomics: Studies the economy as a whole.
      • Examines aggregate indicators (like inflation, unemployment and GDP).

Economic Activities

  • Production: Creating goods and services from resources. Factors of production include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
  • Distribution: Getting goods and services to consumers. Channels used to distribute: direct (suppliers to consumers), semi-direct and indirect (using intermediate parties).
  • Consumption: Using goods and services to satisfy needs and wants.

Needs & Wants

  • Needs: Basic necessities for survival (food, shelter, clothing).
  • Wants: Desires that enhance quality of life, but are not essential (luxury items).
  • Needs and wants are often interconnected: needs may be satisfied in various ways, depending on personal wants that influence choice from variety of resources.

Factors Affecting Needs and Wants

  • Economic conditions: Factors like inflation and recession can affect consumption patterns.
  • Tastes and preferences: People's preferences influence consumption.
  • Income: Higher incomes allow consumers to satisfy more wants.
  • Social and cultural influences: Societal norms and values shape consumption habits.

Economic Principles

  • Principle of Economics: Guiding principles behind economic decisions.
  • Rationale behind all economic activity is attempting to achieve certain objectives in most efficient conceivable means.
  • Opportunity Cost: The value of the next best alternative forgone when a choice is made.
  • Scarcity: Limited resources force us to choose.

Motivation in Economics

  • Intrinsic Motivation: Doing something for personal satisfaction or inherent worth.
  • Extrinsic Motivation: Doing something for external rewards or recognition.

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Related Documents

Hakekat Ilmu Ekonomi (PDF)

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of economics, including scarcity, choices, and efficient resource usage. Dive into the various branches of economics, such as microeconomics and macroeconomics, and discover their significance in understanding economic activities.

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