Podcast
Questions and Answers
Sequential integration of trade agreements can disrupt mutual benefits among countries.
Sequential integration of trade agreements can disrupt mutual benefits among countries.
True (A)
The restructured economies due to specialization only benefit the workers directly involved.
The restructured economies due to specialization only benefit the workers directly involved.
False (B)
Small countries are immune to exploitation in trade agreements.
Small countries are immune to exploitation in trade agreements.
False (B)
Comparative disadvantage in trade implies a country has no advantage in producing any goods.
Comparative disadvantage in trade implies a country has no advantage in producing any goods.
Alienation of workers in production processes can occur due to a focus on material gains.
Alienation of workers in production processes can occur due to a focus on material gains.
Markets are the only institutions that facilitate division of labor and trade.
Markets are the only institutions that facilitate division of labor and trade.
Specialization in trade can lead to the increase of overall scarcity in an economy.
Specialization in trade can lead to the increase of overall scarcity in an economy.
Institutions consist only of formal rules governing economic interactions.
Institutions consist only of formal rules governing economic interactions.
Interdependency explains how individuals' actions can impact each other's economic activities.
Interdependency explains how individuals' actions can impact each other's economic activities.
A nation with comparative advantage can produce a good at a higher opportunity cost than another nation.
A nation with comparative advantage can produce a good at a higher opportunity cost than another nation.
Autarky is a situation where individuals freely trade goods and services.
Autarky is a situation where individuals freely trade goods and services.
Absolute advantage refers to a nation's ability to produce higher quantities of a good using the same inputs.
Absolute advantage refers to a nation's ability to produce higher quantities of a good using the same inputs.
Trade typically leads to a decrease in production known as material gains from trade.
Trade typically leads to a decrease in production known as material gains from trade.
In a scenario where one nation has a comparative advantage in good X, the other must have a comparative advantage in good Y.
In a scenario where one nation has a comparative advantage in good X, the other must have a comparative advantage in good Y.
Production possibility frontiers are concave when productivity decreases in production.
Production possibility frontiers are concave when productivity decreases in production.
The subjective gains from trade measure a decrease in well-being.
The subjective gains from trade measure a decrease in well-being.
Flashcards
Comparative Advantage
Comparative Advantage
The ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to another nation.
Absolute Advantage
Absolute Advantage
A situation where a nation can produce more of a good with the same resources compared to another nation.
Autarky
Autarky
A situation where a country produces only what it consumes and does not trade with others.
Interdependency
Interdependency
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Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)
Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)
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Material Gains from Trade
Material Gains from Trade
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Subjective Gains from Trade
Subjective Gains from Trade
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Efficiency
Efficiency
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Trade Agreement Imbalance
Trade Agreement Imbalance
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Job Loss from Specialization
Job Loss from Specialization
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Hold-Up Problem
Hold-Up Problem
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Alienation from Specialization
Alienation from Specialization
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Economic Institutions
Economic Institutions
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Market Efficiency
Market Efficiency
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Study Notes
Gains from Trade
- Comparative advantage explains mutually beneficial international trade.
- A famous example is trade between England and Portugal.
- Individuals are interdependent; if one consumes a product, another cannot.
- This interdependence leads to exchange and specialization.
Comparative Advantage
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Comparative advantage: Ability to produce a good more efficiently than another.
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Lower opportunity cost compared to other nations.
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Absolute advantage: Ability to produce more of a good than another nation.
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The idea of comparative advantage explains international trade.
Absolute Advantage
- Capacity to create higher quantities of a specific product from the same resources.
Production Possibility Frontiers (PPFs)
- Illustrate comparative and absolute advantages.
- Concave shapes (point outward) indicate reduced productivity in production.
- Absolute advantage is the furthest line on an axis.
- Comparative advantage is indicated by the flattest slope of a line relative to a horizontal axis.
- Comparative advantage in one good implies the other nation has comparative advantage
Analysis of Example
- Production possibility frontiers are used to illustrate the examples.
- In the example, points for production of tomatoes and pears are graphed.
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Description
Explore the concepts of comparative and absolute advantage in international trade. This quiz covers the implications of trade based on opportunity costs, interdependence, and the production possibility frontiers (PPFs). Test your knowledge on these fundamental economic principles.
