Economics Chapter 9 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the Labor Force?

  • All military personnel
  • All nonmilitary people who are employed or unemployed (correct)
  • Only employed individuals
  • Only unemployed individuals
  • What does outsourcing mean?

    The practice of contracting with another company to do a specific job that would otherwise be done by a company's own workers.

    Define offshoring.

    The movement of some of a company's operations to another country.

    What is the Learning Effect?

    <p>The theory that education increases efficiency of production and thus result in higher wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Screening Effect refer to?

    <p>The theory that the completion of college indicates to employers that a job applicant is intelligent and hard-working.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contingent employment?

    <p>A temporary and part-time job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Guest Workers?

    <p>Members of the labor force from another country who are allowed to live and work in the United States only temporarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Derived Demand mean?

    <p>A type of demand that is set by the demand for another good or service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Productivity of Labor?

    <p>The quantity of output produced by a unit of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define equilibrium wage.

    <p>The wage rate, or price of labor services, that is set when the supply of workers meets the demand for workers in the labor market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unskilled labor?

    <p>Work that requires no specialized skills, education, or training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does semi-skilled labor refer to?

    <p>Work that requires minimal specialized skill and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define skilled labor.

    <p>Work that requires specialized skills and training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is professional labor?

    <p>Work that requires advanced skills and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Glass Ceiling?

    <p>An unofficial barrier that sometimes prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top ranks of organizations dominated by white men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a labor union.

    <p>An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is featherbedding?

    <p>The practice of negotiating labor contracts that keep unnecessary workers on a company's payroll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are strikes?

    <p>An organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Right To Work Labor mean?

    <p>A measure that bans mandatory union membership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define blue collar worker.

    <p>Someone who performs manual labor, often in a manufacturing job, and who earns an hourly wage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a white collar worker?

    <p>Someone who works in a professional or clerical job and who usually earns a weekly salary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collective bargaining?

    <p>The process in which union and company management meet to negotiate a new labor contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define mediation.

    <p>A settlement technique in which a neutral person, the mediator, meets with each side to try to find a solution that both sides will accept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is arbitration?

    <p>A settlement technique in which a neutral third party listens to both sides and then imposes a decision that is legally binding for both the company and the union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Labor Market Concepts

    • Labor Force: Comprises all nonmilitary individuals classified as either employed or unemployed.
    • Outsourcing: Involves contracting outside companies to perform tasks typically handled by a business’s employees.
    • Offshoring: Refers to relocating certain company operations to foreign countries.

    Education and Labor Efficiency

    • Learning Effect: Suggests that increased education enhances production efficiency, leading to higher wages for skilled workers.
    • Screening Effect: Indicates that completing college serves as a signal to employers regarding a job applicant’s intelligence and work ethic.

    Employment Types

    • Contingent Employment: Characterizes temporary or part-time jobs without long-term security.
    • Guest Workers: Temporary workers from abroad allowed to live and work in the U.S.

    Demand and Productivity

    • Derived Demand: Describes demand influenced by the need for another good or service.
    • Productivity of Labor: Measures the output quantity produced per labor unit.

    Wage Dynamics

    • Equilibrium Wage: Established when worker supply meets labor demand in the market.

    Workforce Classification

    • Unskilled Labor: Entails work requiring no specialized skills or training.
    • Semi-Skilled Labor: Involves minimal specialized skills and limited education requirements.
    • Skilled Labor: Requires specialized skills and comprehensive training.
    • Professional Labor: Necessitates advanced skills and extensive education.

    Barriers and Representation

    • Glass Ceiling: Symbolizes an invisible obstruction hindering women and minorities from ascending to top positions in male-dominated organizations.
    • Labor Union: An organized body aimed at enhancing working conditions, wages, and member benefits.

    Labor Relations Practices

    • Featherbedding: The practice of maintaining unnecessary workers on payroll through negotiated labor contracts.
    • Strikes: Organized work stoppages aimed at compelling employers to comply with union demands.

    Employment Rights

    • Right to Work Law: Legislation prohibiting mandatory union membership as a condition of employment.

    Worker Categories

    • Blue Collar Worker: Engages in manual labor, typically in manufacturing, and earns hourly wages.
    • White Collar Worker: Works in professional or administrative positions, usually compensated with a weekly salary.

    Negotiation and Conflict Resolution

    • Collective Bargaining: A collaborative process where union representatives and company management negotiate labor contracts.
    • Mediation: A method where a neutral third party aids both sides in reaching a mutually acceptable settlement.
    • Arbitration: A process involving a neutral party who provides a legally binding decision after hearing both arguments.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Economics Chapter 9. Concepts like labor force, outsourcing, offshoring, and learning effect are highlighted to enhance your understanding of the labor market and global trade. Perfect for students preparing for exams or wanting to refresh their economics terminology.

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