Economics Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is perfect competition?

  • A market structure where one firm dominates
  • A market structure where many firms produce the same product (correct)
  • A market where products are differentiated
  • A market with limited competition
  • What is a commodity?

    A product that is the same no matter who produces or sells it.

    What does 'barrier to entry' mean?

    Any factor that makes it difficult for a new firm to enter a market.

    Imperfect competition meets all conditions of perfect competition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are startup costs?

    <p>The expenses a new business must pay before it can begin to produce and sell goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monopoly?

    <p>A market in which a single seller dominates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are economies of scale?

    <p>Factors that cause a producer's average cost per unit to fall as output rises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a natural monopoly?

    <p>A market that runs most efficiently when one large firm supplies all of the output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a government monopoly?

    <p>A monopoly created by the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a patent?

    <p>License that gives the inventor of a new product the exclusive right to sell it for a certain period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a franchise?

    <p>A contract that gives a single firm the right to sell its goods within an exclusive market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is price discrimination?

    <p>Division of consumers into groups based on how much they will pay for a good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is market power?

    <p>The ability of a company to control prices and total market output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is monopolistic competition?

    <p>A market structure in which many companies sell products that are similar but not identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does differentiation refer to?

    <p>Making a product different from other, similar products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nonprice competition?

    <p>A way to attract customers through style, service, or location, but not a lower price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an oligopoly?

    <p>A market structure in which a few large firms dominate a market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a price war?

    <p>A series of competitive price cuts that lowers the market price below the cost of production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collusion?

    <p>An illegal agreement among firms to divide the market, set prices, or limit production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is price fixing?

    <p>An agreement among firms to charge one price for the same good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cartel?

    <p>A formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices and production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is predatory pricing?

    <p>Selling a product below cost for a short period of time to drive competitors out of the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antitrust laws?

    <p>Laws that encourage competition in the marketplace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trust?

    <p>An illegal grouping of companies that discourages competition, similar to a cartel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a merger?

    <p>When two or more companies join to form a single firm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is deregulation?

    <p>The removal of some government controls over a market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Market Structures

    • Perfect Competition: Characterized by many firms producing identical products; no single seller controls market supply or prices.
    • Imperfect Competition: Exists when market conditions do not meet the criteria of perfect competition.
    • Monopoly: A market structure where one seller dominates and controls the market completely.
    • Monopolistic Competition: Involves many companies selling products that are similar but slightly different, allowing for some level of market power.
    • Oligopoly: Dominated by a few large firms, leading to limited competition and collaborative behaviors among those firms.

    Key Economic Concepts

    • Commodity: Standardized product that is identical regardless of the producer (e.g., milk, petroleum).
    • Barriers to Entry: Factors that hinder new firms from entering a market, impacting competition levels.
    • Economies of Scale: Decrease in average production costs per unit as output increases, influencing competitive pricing.

    Market Dynamics

    • Natural Monopoly: Efficient market characterized by a single large firm providing all output, minimizing costs.
    • Government Monopoly: A monopoly established by governmental authority, often to control essential services.

    Intellectual Property and Business Rights

    • Patent: Exclusive rights granted to inventors for a new product for a specific duration, protecting intellectual property.
    • Franchise: Agreement allowing a single firm to market its products in a specified area under a unified brand.

    Pricing Strategies and Competition

    • Price Discrimination: Segmenting consumers based on their willingness to pay, maximizing revenue for firms.
    • Market Power: A company’s ability to influence prices and output levels in the market.
    • Nonprice Competition: Attracting customers through quality, service, or location rather than through lower prices.

    Anti-competitive Practices

    • Collusion: Illegal coordination among firms to manipulate market conditions (prices, supply).
    • Price Fixing: Agreement among competitors to set a single price, undermining free market competition.
    • Cartel: Formal collaboration among producers to control prices and production levels.
    • Predatory Pricing: Temporarily pricing products below cost to eliminate competition from the market.

    Regulatory Framework

    • Antitrust Laws: Legislation aimed at fostering competition and preventing monopolistic practices in markets.
    • Deregulation: The reduction or elimination of government rules controlling industry activities, encouraging competition.

    Business Operations

    • Startup Costs: Initial expenses faced by new businesses before they can begin operations.
    • License: Official permission issued by the government allowing individuals or companies to operate a business.

    Corporate Strategies

    • Merger: The combination of two or more companies into a single entity, which can redistribute market power.
    • Trust: An illegal arrangement among companies to stifle competition, akin to cartel behavior.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts from Chapter 7 of Economics, focusing on market structures like perfect competition, commodities, and barriers to entry. These flashcards will help reinforce your understanding of fundamental economic terms and their definitions, making them a valuable study aid for students. Test your knowledge and prepare for exams effectively!

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