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Questions and Answers

What was a characteristic of early societies?

  • Self-sufficiency and bartering (correct)
  • Urbanization and migration
  • Specialization of labor
  • Accumulation of wealth and power only among women

What was a key factor in the development of trade and commerce?

  • The growth of towns
  • The industrial revolution
  • The emergence of mixed economies
  • The development of language and writing (correct)

What was a result of industrialization and urbanization?

  • The reduction of specialization of labor
  • Massive rural migration
  • The growth of modern cities and economic hubs (correct)
  • The decline of agriculture

What improved efficiency and productivity in the market development process?

<p>Specialization of labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of governments in relation to trade?

<p>Providing public services and infrastructure through taxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>A balance between government control and free markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitated the exchange of goods in early societies?

<p>Bartering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the growth of towns?

<p>The emergence of mercantile law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary driver of population growth in South Africa?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current stage of South Africa's demographic transition?

<p>Transitioning from high to low birth and death rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth?

<p>It has slowed population growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the South African labour force?

<p>High unemployment rates among the youth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in South Africa's labour force in terms of sector shifts?

<p>From primary sectors like agriculture and mining to services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in the geographic distribution of employment in South Africa?

<p>Provincial disparities in employment opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for policies in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for accommodating growing populations and reducing urban sprawl?

<p>Effective urban planning and improved infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital for improving life expectancy and workforce productivity?

<p>Continued focus on health services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help stimulate economic growth and job creation in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing support for entrepreneurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economics?

<p>Limited resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a branch of economics?

<p>Sociology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To describe and predict economic phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Positive and Normative Economics?

<p>Positive Economics focuses on objective analysis, while Normative Economics involves value judgments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic problem?

<p>How to distribute limited resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic question that addresses who will receive the products and services created?

<p>For whom to produce? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a branch of economics that studies the economic activities of government?

<p>Public Sector Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deductive reasoning in economics?

<p>To test hypotheses against empirical data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Developmental Economics?

<p>Promoting economic development in less developed countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary driver of economic growth during the Agricultural-Mining Phase in South Africa?

<p>The discovery of diamonds and gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major constraint on economic growth during the early agricultural history period?

<p>Limited markets and reliance on manual labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary driver of economic growth in South Africa's modern economy?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by developing countries in global trade?

<p>Exporting raw materials at a low cost and importing finished goods at a higher cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do financial institutions play in economic growth?

<p>Facilitating economic growth by managing savings, providing loans, and supporting transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>Promoting fair trade practices globally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of limited liability companies?

<p>Investors are protected from losing more than their investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by South Africa during the industrial development phase?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Increased output but reduced employment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>Difficulty in controlling variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when making choices?

<p>Opportunity cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of absolute scarcity?

<p>A potato harvest failing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the production process?

<p>Combining the other three factors to create goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy involves extraction of natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>The economic constraint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of combining the four factors of production to create goods and services?

<p>Entrepreneurship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the tertiary sector?

<p>It provides services rather than goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who purchases capital goods to produce other goods and services?

<p>Businesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable Income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of sustainable development?

<p>Fair labour practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of GDP?

<p>Production within the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the circular flow model?

<p>Facilitation of savings and provision of loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model that illustrates the continuous movement of money and goods among various economic agents and markets?

<p>Circular Flow Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual improvement in economic conditions after a recession?

<p>Recovery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the approach that calculates GDP by summing up all outputs produced?

<p>Product Approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GDP not account for?

<p>The distribution of income among the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total demand for goods and services in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of goods and services in the economy?

<p>Real Flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of counter-cyclical indicators?

<p>Move in the opposite direction of the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regulatory measures in promoting sustainable development?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total income earned by a country's nationals, including production inside and outside the country?

<p>Gross National Income (GNI) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>They do not account for income distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of the business cycle characterized by high economic activity and increasing employment?

<p>Prosperity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of business cycles for economically vulnerable populations?

<p>Disproportionate negative impact on their standard of living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>Accumulation of wealth and power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of free markets and government control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of governments in relation to trade?

<p>Taxation and finance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the development of markets?

<p>Specialization of labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the growth of towns?

<p>Necessity of regulations and laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the industrial revolution?

<p>Transforming economies from agrarian to industrial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitated the exchange of goods in early societies?

<p>Bartering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Macroeconomics?

<p>The overall functioning of an economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic problem?

<p>The scarcity of resources in the face of unlimited wants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a positive economic statement?

<p>The economy is experiencing a recession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To simplify complex economic activities and make predictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic question that addresses how to distribute resources?

<p>How to allocate resources? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inductive reasoning in economics?

<p>To observe data and develop new theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a branch of economics that studies the economic activities of government?

<p>Public Sector Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Environmental Economics?

<p>The impact of environmental issues on the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic research?

<p>To understand and predict economic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when making choices?

<p>Opportunity cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for South Africa's shift from an agrarian base to an industrial and service-oriented economy?

<p>Urbanization and demographic changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor influencing population growth in rural areas of South Africa?

<p>Socio-economic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of HIV/AIDS on life expectancy in South Africa?

<p>Severely impacted life expectancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by the South African labour force?

<p>Youth unemployment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in South Africa's labour force in terms of sector shifts?

<p>From primary sectors to services and finance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for policies in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for accommodating growing populations and reducing urban sprawl?

<p>Effective urban planning and improved infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital for improving life expectancy and workforce productivity?

<p>Improving healthcare services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help stimulate economic growth and job creation in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing support for entrepreneurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the demographic cycle in South Africa?

<p>Transitioning through various stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions in the economy?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages for workers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas, leading to challenges such as housing and infrastructure demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To manage savings, provide loans, and support transactions, promoting economic growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of limited liability companies?

<p>They protect investors from losing more than their investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices and balance the interests of rich and poor nations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consequence of globalization in developing countries?

<p>They often export raw materials used in high-value finished goods, which they end up importing at a higher cost, perpetuating economic imbalances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of economic growth in South Africa's modern economy?

<p>The growth of the service sector, driven by globalization and technological advancements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a major challenge faced by South Africa during the industrial development phase?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of mechanization in production processes?

<p>It has replaced labor, affecting employment patterns and increasing output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary driver of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>The growth of the mining industry and the discovery of diamonds and gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic sector is responsible for extracting natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of sustainable development?

<p>Minimize environmental harm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>Facilitate savings and provide loans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the circular flow model used to illustrate?

<p>The movement of money and goods among economic agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP measures income earned by nationals, while GNI measures income earned by foreigners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of sustainable economic development?

<p>Recycling and fair labor practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government in the economy?

<p>To provide public goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and environmental degradation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the real flow and monetary flow in the circular flow model?

<p>The real flow involves the movement of goods and services, while the monetary flow involves the movement of money (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of regulatory measures in sustainable development?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when making choices?

<p>Opportunity cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of absolute scarcity?

<p>A country lacking the resources to produce goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the production process?

<p>To combine the four factors of production to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy involves extraction of natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity occurs when resources are accessible but unaffordable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of combining the four factors of production to create goods and services?

<p>Entrepreneurship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the tertiary sector?

<p>It provides services rather than goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of GDP?

<p>Focusing on production within the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of per capita income calculation?

<p>It does not account for income distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leading indicators in business cycles?

<p>They signal future economic changes before they occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phase of the business cycle characterized by high economic activity and increasing employment?

<p>Prosperity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an exogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Natural disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They have a disproportionate impact on their standard of living, employment opportunities, and ability to afford necessities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total demand for goods and services in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>It leads to fluctuations in economic growth, with expansion phases leading to growth and contraction phases leading to declines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of procyclical indicators?

<p>They move in tandem with the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production within the country, while GNI accounts for all income by nationals, regardless of where it is earned (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>Accumulation of wealth and power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transformed economies from agrarian to industrial?

<p>The industrial revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for managing commerce and interactions effectively in growing towns?

<p>Regulations and laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of governments in relation to economic activities?

<p>Taxation and finance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of free market and government control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitated the exchange of goods before the advent of money?

<p>Bartering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the growth of towns?

<p>Necessitation of regulations and laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What improved efficiency and productivity in the market development process?

<p>Specialization of labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary influence on South Africa's population growth?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced by the South African labour force?

<p>Youth unemployment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in South Africa's labour force in terms of sector shifts?

<p>From primary to tertiary sectors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Urban overcrowding and service delivery challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for policies in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Replacement of labor with machinery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for accommodating growing populations and reducing urban sprawl?

<p>Effective urban planning and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the geographic distribution of employment in South Africa?

<p>Provincial disparities in employment opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by developing countries in global trade?

<p>Trade barriers and dumping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital for improving life expectancy and workforce productivity in South Africa?

<p>Improved healthcare services, particularly in addressing HIV/AIDS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help stimulate economic growth and job creation in South Africa?

<p>Support for entrepreneurship through easier access to finance, training, and markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in economic growth?

<p>To facilitate economic growth by managing savings and providing loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of multinational corporations?

<p>They operate in multiple countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of technological advances in economic growth?

<p>Improved efficiency and creation of new industries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of globalization on developing countries?

<p>Economic disparities and imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by South Africa during the industrial development phase?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why individuals, governments, and societies must make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because resources are finite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary economic question?

<p>How to distribute income? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the overall functioning of an economy?

<p>Macroeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models?

<p>To predict the outcomes of economic actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in economics?

<p>Deductive reasoning is used to test hypotheses, while inductive reasoning is used to develop them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Labour Economics?

<p>The supply and demand for labour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a normative economic statement?

<p>The government should increase taxes to reduce inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic policies in South Africa?

<p>To promote sustainable economic growth and development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>The complexity of human behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when making choices?

<p>Opportunity cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GDP primarily focus on?

<p>Production within the country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total demand for goods and services in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Demand (AD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the business cycle is characterized by high economic activity, increasing employment, wages, and standards of living?

<p>Prosperity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total supply of goods and services available in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Supply (AS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>Disproportionate negative effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the indicators that move in the opposite direction of the economy?

<p>Counter Cyclic Indicators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>They ignore non-monetary transactions and informal economic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic research in economics?

<p>To draw conclusions based on evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic problem that individuals and societies face?

<p>Limited availability of resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goods that are naturally available without cost?

<p>Free goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of entrepreneurship in the production process?

<p>To combine the four factors of production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sector of the economy that provides services rather than goods?

<p>Tertiary sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of making choices due to the limited availability of resources?

<p>Allocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity occurs when resources are inaccessible due to economic constraints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the public sector in the economy?

<p>To regulate the economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>Dealing with human behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

<p>To conduct economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders?

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution, greenhouse effects, and exploitation of labour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of goods and services in the economy?

<p>Real Flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of government in the economy?

<p>To provide public goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total income earned by a country's nationals, including production inside and outside the country?

<p>Gross National Income (GNI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the circular flow model?

<p>It illustrates the continuous movement of money and goods among various economic agents and markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of supportive measures in sustainable development?

<p>To provide incentives for environmentally friendly practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the goods market?

<p>It is a market where goods and services are exchanged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary factor in the development of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>The accumulation of wealth and power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the industrial revolution?

<p>The transformation of economies from agrarian to industrial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of governments in relation to trade?

<p>To regulate commerce and interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>The combination of free markets and government control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the development of trade and commerce?

<p>The development of language and writing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consequence of urbanization and migration?

<p>The shaping of modern cities and economic hubs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of government taxation?

<p>To fund public services and infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary driver of economic growth during the Industrial Development phase in South Africa?

<p>Government incentives and an influx of entrepreneurial immigrants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in economic growth?

<p>Managing savings and providing loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of limited liability companies?

<p>They protect investors from losing more than their investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by developing countries in global trade?

<p>Exporting raw materials used in high-value finished goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by South Africa during the industrial development phase?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of economic growth in South Africa's modern economy?

<p>The growth of the service sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the current stage of South Africa's economy?

<p>Characterized by the growth of the service sector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary driver of population growth in South Africa since 1970?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invests in public goods and services that benefit society as a whole?

<p>Government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current stage of South Africa's demographic transition?

<p>Transitioning from high birth and death rates to lower rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines how much of one currency can be exchanged for another?

<p>Exchange Rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth?

<p>Decreased population growth rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of sustainable development?

<p>Fair labor practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the South African labour force?

<p>High unemployment rates among the youth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the circular flow model?

<p>The dynamics of the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in South Africa's labour force in terms of sector shifts?

<p>From primary sectors to services and finance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in each period?

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in the geographic distribution of employment in South Africa?

<p>Provincial disparities in employment opportunities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for policies in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and environmental harm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for accommodating growing populations and reducing urban sprawl?

<p>Effective urban planning and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of goods and services in the circular flow model?

<p>Real Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital for improving life expectancy and workforce productivity?

<p>Continued focus on health services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regulatory measures in achieving sustainable development?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help stimulate economic growth and job creation in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing support for entrepreneurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

<p>To conduct economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic research in economics?

<p>To draw conclusions based on evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity occurs when resources are sufficient but inaccessible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a free good?

<p>Sunlight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the production process?

<p>To combine the four factors of production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of allocating resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs?

<p>Economic problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy involves manufacturing and processing activities?

<p>Secondary Sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the public and private sectors?

<p>The public sector is owned by the government, while the private sector is owned by individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>Dealing with human behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economics?

<p>To allocate scarce resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Macroeconomics?

<p>The overall functioning of an economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To simplify complex economic phenomena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?

<p>Microeconomics examines individual decisions, while Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic question that addresses how to allocate resources?

<p>What to produce? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the branch of economics that studies the role of money in the economy?

<p>Monetary Economics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of positive economics?

<p>It describes and predicts economic phenomena without judgment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when making choices?

<p>Opportunity cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of economic analysis?

<p>Both deductive and inductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in addressing the economic problem of scarcity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of GDP?

<p>Production within the country (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of per capita income calculation?

<p>It does not account for income distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leading indicators in a business cycle?

<p>They signal future economic changes before they occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of a business cycle characterized by high economic activity and increasing employment?

<p>Prosperity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an exogenous reason that influences the economy?

<p>Natural disasters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They have a disproportionate impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of both GDP and GNI?

<p>They ignore non-monetary transactions and informal economic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total demand for goods and services in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>It has variable impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of procyclical indicators?

<p>They move in the same direction as the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary driver of economic growth during the industrial development phase in South Africa?

<p>Manufacturing development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of language skills and learning in early societies?

<p>Recording transactions and transmitting knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Shaping modern cities and economic hubs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of governments in relation to trade?

<p>Regulating commerce and interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of early societies?

<p>Self-sufficiency and bartering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of economic growth in mixed economies?

<p>Combination of government control and free market forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of specialization of labor in market development?

<p>Improving efficiency and productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the growth of towns in market development?

<p>Necessitating regulations and laws to manage commerce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of trade unions?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of limited liability companies?

<p>Investors are protected from losing more than their investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by developing countries in global trade?

<p>Exporting raw materials used in high-value finished goods, which they end up importing at a higher cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Increased output but also replaced labor, affecting employment patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in economic growth?

<p>To provide loans and manage savings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by South Africa during the industrial development phase?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the modern economy in South Africa?

<p>The service sector has grown significantly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of economic growth in South Africa's modern economy?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Macroeconomics?

<p>Overall functioning of an economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach of economics involves developing hypotheses based on existing theories and testing them against empirical data?

<p>Deductive reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models?

<p>To describe and predict economic phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic question that addresses how to distribute limited resources?

<p>How to allocate resources? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the economic activities of government and its role in the economy?

<p>Public Sector Economics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Positive and Normative Economics?

<p>Objectivity vs. subjectivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a microeconomic decision?

<p>Deciding how many goods to produce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic research?

<p>To understand and predict economic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic challenge faced by developing countries?

<p>Promoting economic development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor contributing to the rapid growth of South Africa's population from 22 million in 1970 to 50 million by 2010?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the South African labour force in terms of age composition?

<p>Youth unemployment, with a large percentage of the unemployed being under 35 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sector shift observed in the South African labour force?

<p>From primary sectors like agriculture and mining to services and finance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary geographic distribution challenge in South Africa's employment?

<p>Provincial disparities in employment opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical policy need to address the challenges in South Africa's employment?

<p>Enhanced education and skills training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate due to increased mortality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing entrepreneurs in South Africa?

<p>Lack of support from government policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Increased pressure on urban infrastructure and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of policies addressing the challenges of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Improving urban planning and infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of enhancing education and training in South Africa's labour force?

<p>Improved alignment with the demands of a changing economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic research?

<p>To draw conclusions based on evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic problem that compels individuals and societies to make choices?

<p>Limited availability of resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of free goods?

<p>They are naturally available without cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process that defines economic activity within a society?

<p>Production, exchange, and consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the production process?

<p>To combine the four factors of production to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sector of the economy involves extraction of natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity exists when resources are sufficient but inaccessible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by economic research compared to physical sciences?

<p>Conducting controlled experiments is often impractical in economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

<p>To minimize environmental harm and ensure fair labor practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

<p>The total market value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in each period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the real flow and monetary flow in the circular flow model?

<p>The real flow is the movement of goods and services, while the monetary flow is the movement of money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regulatory measures in promoting sustainable development?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of households in the circular flow model?

<p>To provide labor and receive income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gross National Income (GNI)?

<p>The total income earned by a country's nationals, including production inside and outside the country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the expenditure approach to calculating GDP?

<p>Total spending on final goods and services in the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP includes production inside the country, while GNI includes production inside and outside the country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of GDP?

<p>Production within the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>They do not account for wealth distribution and informal economic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of economic indicators?

<p>Leading, Coincident, and Lagging Indicators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a boom phase in a business cycle?

<p>Peak economic performance before a potential downturn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They are disproportionately affected by the business cycles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Aggregate Demand in a business cycle?

<p>It represents the total demand for goods and services in the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of business cycles?

<p>Both exogenous and endogenous factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>Expansion phases lead to growth, while contraction phases lead to declines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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