Economic Policies in Soviet Russia (NEP & Stalin)

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

  • To implement socialism immediately
  • To temporarily revive the economy after the civil war (correct)
  • To rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union
  • To abolish all private property

The NEP allowed private ownership of large businesses.

False (B)

What group was created in 1921 to help plan the Soviet economy?

Gosplan

Under the five-year plans, private property was no longer allowed, and farming was organized into two types of farms: kolkhozes and _____ .

<p>sovkhozes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Kulaks = Wealthy farmers who opposed collectivization Kolkhozes = Community-owned farms Sovkhozes = State-owned farms with paid workers Gosplan = Government agency responsible for economic planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Stalin take regarding the NEP in 1928?

<p>He halted the NEP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial five-year plan effectively increased the production of everyday goods such as clothes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative consequence did the collectivization of land have on kulaks?

<p>Many kulaks faced force and violence, resulting in deaths and loss of their group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

New Economic Policy (NEP)

A policy implemented in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, aiming to stabilize the economy after the civil war and the period of War Communism.

What did the NEP allow?

Allowed limited private ownership of businesses and permitted farmers to sell their surplus crops.

Kulaks

A group of wealthy farmers who benefited from the NEP, causing tension within the Soviet government.

What is Gosplan?

A centralized planning agency established in 1921, responsible for developing and implementing five-year plans for the Soviet economy.

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Five-year plans

Comprehensive economic plans spanning five years, designed to guide the Soviet Union's economic development and industrialization.

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Collectivization

The process of merging individual farms into larger, collectively owned farms, implemented by the Soviet government as part of the Five-Year Plans.

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Sovkhozes

Farms owned and operated by the state, employing paid workers.

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Kolkhozes

Farms collectively owned by the community and operated by the members themselves, with profits shared among them.

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Study Notes

New Economic Policy (NEP)

  • NEP implemented in 1921, lasted until 1928.
  • Created due to economic hardship following the civil war.
  • Temporary plan to revive the economy.
  • Allowed elements of market economy:
    • Free crop sales by farmers.
    • Private small/medium businesses.
    • Domestic trade.
    • Restored money system.
  • Resulted in economic growth.
  • Benefited wealthy farmers (kulaks).
  • Caused internal government disputes.

Stalin's Shift from NEP

  • In 1928, Stalin abandoned NEP.
  • Sought greater government control over the economy.
  • Established Gosplan (1921) to manage economic planning.
  • Implemented five-year plans:
    • Targeted economic catch-up, industrialization, and self-sufficiency.
    • Set goals for production and resource allocation over five years.
    • Aims to build strong military.
  • Nationalized industry, agriculture, and trade.
  • Eliminated private ownership.

Collectivization and its Consequences

  • First five-year plan focused on land collectivization.
  • Landowners forced to give up land, form collective farms (kolkhozes).
  • Opposition from kulaks (wealthy farmers):
    • Resistance, crop destruction.
    • Government force, significant deaths, and loss of kulak class.
  • Slowed production growth.
  • Widespread hunger, millions of deaths.

Soviet Farming System

  • Created two types of farms:
    • Kolkhozes (community-owned).
    • Sovkhozes (state-owned, paid labor).
  • Both aimed to implement new technologies and practices.
  • Farming sector remained a weak point in Soviet economy for many years.

Industrialization Focus

  • Government prioritized heavy industry, energy production.
  • Increased coal, oil, electricity production.
  • Encouraged worker productivity.
  • USSR emerged as powerful industrial nation, military capability.
  • Manufacturing of essential consumer goods lagged behind military/industrial output.
  • Reduced quality of life for many citizens.

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