Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
What was the primary purpose of the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
The NEP allowed private ownership of large businesses.
The NEP allowed private ownership of large businesses.
False (B)
What group was created in 1921 to help plan the Soviet economy?
What group was created in 1921 to help plan the Soviet economy?
Gosplan
Under the five-year plans, private property was no longer allowed, and farming was organized into two types of farms: kolkhozes and _____ .
Under the five-year plans, private property was no longer allowed, and farming was organized into two types of farms: kolkhozes and _____ .
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What significant action did Stalin take regarding the NEP in 1928?
What significant action did Stalin take regarding the NEP in 1928?
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The initial five-year plan effectively increased the production of everyday goods such as clothes.
The initial five-year plan effectively increased the production of everyday goods such as clothes.
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What negative consequence did the collectivization of land have on kulaks?
What negative consequence did the collectivization of land have on kulaks?
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Study Notes
New Economic Policy (NEP)
- NEP implemented in 1921, lasted until 1928.
- Created due to economic hardship following the civil war.
- Temporary plan to revive the economy.
- Allowed elements of market economy:
- Free crop sales by farmers.
- Private small/medium businesses.
- Domestic trade.
- Restored money system.
- Resulted in economic growth.
- Benefited wealthy farmers (kulaks).
- Caused internal government disputes.
Stalin's Shift from NEP
- In 1928, Stalin abandoned NEP.
- Sought greater government control over the economy.
- Established Gosplan (1921) to manage economic planning.
- Implemented five-year plans:
- Targeted economic catch-up, industrialization, and self-sufficiency.
- Set goals for production and resource allocation over five years.
- Aims to build strong military.
- Nationalized industry, agriculture, and trade.
- Eliminated private ownership.
Collectivization and its Consequences
- First five-year plan focused on land collectivization.
- Landowners forced to give up land, form collective farms (kolkhozes).
- Opposition from kulaks (wealthy farmers):
- Resistance, crop destruction.
- Government force, significant deaths, and loss of kulak class.
- Slowed production growth.
- Widespread hunger, millions of deaths.
Soviet Farming System
- Created two types of farms:
- Kolkhozes (community-owned).
- Sovkhozes (state-owned, paid labor).
- Both aimed to implement new technologies and practices.
- Farming sector remained a weak point in Soviet economy for many years.
Industrialization Focus
- Government prioritized heavy industry, energy production.
- Increased coal, oil, electricity production.
- Encouraged worker productivity.
- USSR emerged as powerful industrial nation, military capability.
- Manufacturing of essential consumer goods lagged behind military/industrial output.
- Reduced quality of life for many citizens.
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Description
Explore the pivotal economic policies of the Soviet Union, focusing on the New Economic Policy (NEP) implemented from 1921 to 1928, and Stalin's subsequent shift towards greater government control. Understand the implications of these policies on agriculture, industry, and the overall economy, including the impact of collectivization. Delve into how these strategies affected wealth distribution and sparked internal governance debates.
