Economic Development and Environmental Issues

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Questions and Answers

What are two primary objectives of economic development?

To increase per capita income and to improve standard of living.

List two methods through which economic development objectives can be achieved.

Developing industries and constructing infrastructure.

How does deforestation affect the climate and biodiversity?

Deforestation affects rainfall patterns and increases atmospheric pollution, leading to biodiversity loss.

What are some harmful effects of modern agricultural practices on the environment?

<p>Pollution from chemicals and pesticides, soil salinization, and reduced groundwater table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do industrial activities contribute to environmental degradation?

<p>Industries produce emissions that pollute air and water, and generate harmful waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of excessive irrigation in agriculture?

<p>Excessive irrigation leads to a reduced groundwater table and soil salinization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do monoculture practices play in agriculture?

<p>Monoculture practices degrade soil quality and reduce genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how industrial noise can affect life forms in the environment.

<p>Industrial noise can disrupt communication and breeding patterns of wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deforestation

The process of cutting down trees for various purposes like settlements, industries, agriculture, and timber.

Soil Salinization

The depletion of groundwater due to excessive irrigation, leading to a rise in salt concentration in the soil.

Industrial Pollution

The release of harmful chemicals and wastes from industries into the environment, contaminating water, air, and soil.

Eutrophication

The increase in the amount of nutrients in water bodies, often caused by agricultural runoff, leading to excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion.

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Economic Development

The overall aim of increasing the well-being of individuals and nations, often measured by factors like income, living standards, and access to resources.

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Mining

The process of extracting resources like minerals from the earth, which can have significant negative environmental impacts.

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Infrastructure Development

The process of building roads, dams, and other infrastructure projects to improve living conditions, but can have environmental consequences.

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Modern Agriculture

The use of modern technology for increasing agricultural output, but can have negative environmental impacts like pollution, soil degradation, and overuse of resources.

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Study Notes

Economic Development and Environmental Degradation

  • Objectives of economic development include increasing per capita income, gross national production, and improving standards of living.
  • These objectives are achieved through developing industries, transport, infrastructure, mining, and agriculture.
  • Environmental stress results from achieving economic development goals.

Deforestation

  • Deforestation occurs to create space for settlements, industry, dams, agriculture, and timber production.
  • Impacts include altered rainfall patterns, climate change, increased atmospheric pollution (especially greenhouse gases), decreased groundwater levels, flooding, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and reduced soil quality/fertility.

Agriculture

  • Modern agricultural techniques (increased output) negatively impact the environment
  • Excessive irrigation lowers groundwater tables and causes soil salinization.
  • Heavy machinery degrades soil quality.
  • Chemical pesticides and fertilizers pollute air, soil, and water.
  • Monoculture practices reduce biodiversity and soil quality.
  • Runoff from agriculture contributes to eutrophication of water bodies.
  • Increased reliance on fossil fuels for agricultural machinery exacerbates pollution.

Industries

  • Industries release untreated effluents harming water bodies and affecting aquatic life through biomagnification.
  • Industrial waste production increases.
  • Gaseous emissions pollute the air, deplete the ozone layer, and contribute to global warming, respiratory disorders.
  • Noise pollution negatively affects various life forms.

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