Economic and Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment

Efficacy studies focus on real-world results achieved in carefully designed and well-controlled studies.

Effectiveness is determined by results achieved in the real world.

Observational studies provide internal validity for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.

Efficiency is the measurement of the resource utilization function of value.

Ethics is an assessment of whether the intervention is worth its price.

Equity is an underlying component of ethics and is an assessment of whether the intervention represents a fair allocation of resources.

Outcomes refer to the ultimate result of a pharmacy intervention or service.

The ECHO model includes economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes.

Direct, indirect, and intangible costs are types of costs compared with the consequences of medical treatment alternatives.

Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best use that is forgone.

Pharmacoeconomics is solely focused on identifying and comparing costs of therapies

Health outcomes research includes measuring clinical outcomes, financial impact, and patient-reported quality of life

The goal of pharmacoeconomics is to determine which alternative produces the best outcomes for the resources invested

Value in the context of recent health care reform is defined as 'health outcomes per dollar spent'

An intervention's value can be determined through four types of evaluation

Pharmacoeconomic analyses are based on outcomes and resources

What is the main focus of efficacy studies?

Which type of outcomes are changes in patient status or quality of life?

What does efficiency in the context of interventions refer to?

Which term refers to the value of the next best use that is forgone in pharmacoeconomics?

What is the main focus of observational studies in assessing interventions?

Which of the following best defines pharmacoeconomics?

What is the primary focus of health outcomes research?

What is the goal of pharmacoeconomic analyses?

What does 'value' refer to in the context of recent health care reform?

What is the methodology used to identify and measure the link between treatments or interventions delivered and the actual outcomes achieved?