Economía básica
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Questions and Answers

La escasez se refiere al problema económico fundamental de necesidades y deseos ilimitados, pero recursos ilimitados.

False

En una economía de mercado, el gobierno toma la mayoría de las decisiones económicas.

False

La eficiencia económica se refiere a la justeza en la distribución de la renta y la riqueza.

False

La microeconomía estudia la economía en su conjunto.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La ley de la oferta establece que cuando el precio de un bien disminuye, la cantidad ofrecida también disminuye.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La elasticidad del precio de la demanda mide cómo responde la cantidad demandada a los cambios en la renta.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La estabilidad económica se refiere a una economía con alta inflación y desempleo.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

En una economía de mercado, el gobierno tiene propiedad privada sobre los bienes y servicios.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La macroeconomía estudia el comportamiento de las firmas individuales.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La intersección de las curvas de oferta y demanda se llama equilibrio.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scarcity and Opportunity Cost

  • Scarcity: the fundamental economic problem of unlimited wants and needs, but limited resources
  • Opportunity Cost: the value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made

Economic Systems

  • Types of economic systems:
    • Command Economy: government makes most economic decisions
    • Market Economy: individuals and businesses make most economic decisions
    • Mixed Economy: combination of command and market economies
  • Characteristics of a market economy:
    • Private property
    • Freedom of choice
    • Voluntary exchange
    • Competition

Economic Goals

  • Economic efficiency: producing the maximum output with the minimum waste of resources
  • Economic equity: fairness in the distribution of income and wealth
  • Economic growth: an increase in the production of goods and services
  • Economic stability: a stable economy with low inflation and unemployment

Microeconomics

  • Study of individual economic units:
    • Consumer behavior
    • Firm behavior
    • Market structures
  • Types of markets:
    • Perfect competition
    • Monopoly
    • Monopolistic competition
    • Oligopoly

Macroeconomics

  • Study of the economy as a whole:
    • Economic growth and development
    • Inflation and deflation
    • Unemployment and employment
    • International trade and finance

Supply and Demand

  • Law of Supply: as the price of a good increases, the quantity supplied also increases
  • Law of Demand: as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded increases
  • Equilibrium: the point at which the supply and demand curves intersect

Elasticity

  • Price elasticity of demand: measures how responsive the quantity demanded is to changes in price
  • Price elasticity of supply: measures how responsive the quantity supplied is to changes in price
  • Income elasticity of demand: measures how responsive the quantity demanded is to changes in income
  • Cross-price elasticity: measures how responsive the quantity demanded of one good is to changes in the price of another good

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Prueba tus conocimientos sobre los conceptos fundamentales de la economía, incluyendo la escasez, el costo de oportunidad, los sistemas económicos, la microeconomía y la macroeconomía. Evalúa tus habilidades en la teoría del mercado y la elasticidad de la demanda y el suministro. ¡Comienza ahora!

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