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Questions and Answers
La escasez se refiere al problema económico fundamental de necesidades y deseos ilimitados, pero recursos ilimitados.
False
En una economía de mercado, el gobierno toma la mayoría de las decisiones económicas.
False
La eficiencia económica se refiere a la justeza en la distribución de la renta y la riqueza.
False
La microeconomía estudia la economía en su conjunto.
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La ley de la oferta establece que cuando el precio de un bien disminuye, la cantidad ofrecida también disminuye.
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La elasticidad del precio de la demanda mide cómo responde la cantidad demandada a los cambios en la renta.
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La estabilidad económica se refiere a una economía con alta inflación y desempleo.
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En una economía de mercado, el gobierno tiene propiedad privada sobre los bienes y servicios.
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La macroeconomía estudia el comportamiento de las firmas individuales.
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La intersección de las curvas de oferta y demanda se llama equilibrio.
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Study Notes
Scarcity and Opportunity Cost
- Scarcity: the fundamental economic problem of unlimited wants and needs, but limited resources
- Opportunity Cost: the value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made
Economic Systems
- Types of economic systems:
- Command Economy: government makes most economic decisions
- Market Economy: individuals and businesses make most economic decisions
- Mixed Economy: combination of command and market economies
- Characteristics of a market economy:
- Private property
- Freedom of choice
- Voluntary exchange
- Competition
Economic Goals
- Economic efficiency: producing the maximum output with the minimum waste of resources
- Economic equity: fairness in the distribution of income and wealth
- Economic growth: an increase in the production of goods and services
- Economic stability: a stable economy with low inflation and unemployment
Microeconomics
- Study of individual economic units:
- Consumer behavior
- Firm behavior
- Market structures
- Types of markets:
- Perfect competition
- Monopoly
- Monopolistic competition
- Oligopoly
Macroeconomics
- Study of the economy as a whole:
- Economic growth and development
- Inflation and deflation
- Unemployment and employment
- International trade and finance
Supply and Demand
- Law of Supply: as the price of a good increases, the quantity supplied also increases
- Law of Demand: as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded increases
- Equilibrium: the point at which the supply and demand curves intersect
Elasticity
- Price elasticity of demand: measures how responsive the quantity demanded is to changes in price
- Price elasticity of supply: measures how responsive the quantity supplied is to changes in price
- Income elasticity of demand: measures how responsive the quantity demanded is to changes in income
- Cross-price elasticity: measures how responsive the quantity demanded of one good is to changes in the price of another good
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Description
Prueba tus conocimientos sobre los conceptos fundamentales de la economía, incluyendo la escasez, el costo de oportunidad, los sistemas económicos, la microeconomía y la macroeconomía. Evalúa tus habilidades en la teoría del mercado y la elasticidad de la demanda y el suministro. ¡Comienza ahora!
