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Questions and Answers
The interaction between exotic shrubs and trees through seed predators is an example of which type of competition?
What is the term for an inventory of behaviors exhibited by an animal during a behavioral study?
Which of these best describes harmonious interactions in ecological relationships?
As you observe a food chain progression from Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk, what happens to the available energy?
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What type of lake is most likely characterized by low nutrient levels and high oxygen concentrations?
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Which term best describes the interaction where trampling of grass occurs due to animal movement?
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What is the significance of Hamilton's rule in understanding social behaviors among animals?
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The behavior of a monkey removing a tick from another monkey's head is best categorized under what social interaction?
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Which of the following interactions exemplifies protocooperation?
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Which hierarchical system is credited to the classification of ecological interactions?
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Study Notes
Ecology Study Notes
- Allelopathy: The chemical interaction between plants where one plant releases chemicals that inhibit the growth of another plant.
- Infraspecific Competition: Competition among individuals of the same species.
- Apparent Competition: Competition between two species that is mediated by a shared predator. This is an example of indirect competition and is important in understanding ecological interactions.
- Harmonious interactions are a type of ecological interaction where at least one participant benefits and neither participant is harmed.
- Ethogram: An inventory of behaviors exhibited by an animal during a behavior exercise. It is a comprehensive list of all behaviors displayed by a species, used in behavioral studies.
- Upright Pyramid of Numbers: A pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level, with a larger base and smaller upper levels.
- Inverted Pyramid of Numbers: A pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level, with a smaller base and larger upper levels.
- 10% Rule: The principle that only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. This is important because it helps explain why there are fewer organisms at higher trophic levels.
- Trophic Cascade: The effects that a top predator can have on other trophic levels in its food chain.
- Eutrophic Lakes: Lakes that are rich in nutrients and have high levels of primary productivity. They are often associated with human activities and can experience algal blooms.
- Oligotrophic Lakes: Lakes that are poor in nutrients and have low levels of primary productivity.
- Delta Biodiversity (δ Biodiversity): The measurement of biodiversity at different scales.
- Hierarchical System: A system in which entities are organized in a ranked order.
- Laboratory Approach to Ecology: The use of controlled experiments and models to study ecological processes.
- Autogrooming: Cleaning oneself, this could involve removing parasites.
- Allogrooming: Cleaning another animal, this may be a form of social interaction among primates.
- Ethology: The scientific study of animal behavior.
- Amensalism: An interaction where one species is harmed while the other is unaffected.
- Commensalism: A relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
- Protocooperation: A relationship between two species that benefits both, however, it is not essential for survival. This is a type of mutualism but less obligate.
- Hamilton's Rule: A rule that predicts that a gene for altruism can spread through a population if the cost of the altruistic act to the individual is less than the benefit to the recipient, multiplied by the degree of relatedness between the two individuals.
- Recovery: The process of ecological recovery.
- Restoration: The process of restoring an area of land to its former state.
- Enhancement: The process of improving an area of land.
- Replacement: The process of replacing one type of ecosystem with another.
- Toxic Chemicals: Chemicals that can have harmful effects on living organisms.
- Maximum Sustainable Yield: The maximum amount of a resource that can be harvested without harming the population.
- Hierarchy: A system in which entities are organized in a ranked order, with higher levels having greater control or influence over lower levels.
- Stochastic factor: A random factor that can affect population size, such as environmental fluctuations or disease outbreaks.
- Climatic Climax: The final stage of ecological succession in a region under a particular climate.
- Edaphic Climax: The climax community reached based upon soil conditions.
- Disclimax: A climax community that is maintained by disturbance.
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Description
Explore key concepts in ecology, including allelopathy, various competition types, and ecological interactions. This quiz covers important terms like ethnogram and pyramids of numbers in ecological studies. Enhance your understanding of how species interact within their environments.
