Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to a population's J-curve growth pattern?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to a population's J-curve growth pattern?
- Overshoot of the carrying capacity
- Exponential growth initially
- A steady increase in growth rate (correct)
- Collapse/dieback following overshoot
Which of the following scenarios is an example of mutualism as described in the text?
Which of the following scenarios is an example of mutualism as described in the text?
- A fungus growing on a tree, causing decay.
- A parasitic wasp laying eggs inside a caterpillar, eventually killing it.
- Birds eating insects off the back of a rhinoceros. (correct)
- A lion hunting and killing a zebra for food.
Which phase of an S-curve is characterized by the most rapid population growth?
Which phase of an S-curve is characterized by the most rapid population growth?
- Exponential growth phase (correct)
- Transitional phase
- Lag phase
- Plateau/Stationary phase
Which of the following is a characteristic of the transitional phase in both S-curves and J-curves?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the transitional phase in both S-curves and J-curves?
Given the information presented, which of the following would most likely exhibit an S-curve growth pattern?
Given the information presented, which of the following would most likely exhibit an S-curve growth pattern?
Which of the following is an example of a transformation within a system?
Which of the following is an example of a transformation within a system?
Which statement best describes the Gaia hypothesis?
Which statement best describes the Gaia hypothesis?
Which of these is a limitation of using models to represent complex systems?
Which of these is a limitation of using models to represent complex systems?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a system?
Which best describes the relationship between a model's accuracy and the level of simplification involved?
Which best describes the relationship between a model's accuracy and the level of simplification involved?
Which scenario best exemplifies an open system?
Which scenario best exemplifies an open system?
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of homeostasis within the Gaia hypothesis?
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of homeostasis within the Gaia hypothesis?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why models are useful for understanding complex systems?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why models are useful for understanding complex systems?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a positive feedback loop as it relates to ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a positive feedback loop as it relates to ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following factors contributes to the resilience of an ecosystem, specifically its ability to withstand disturbances and return to its initial state?
Which of the following factors contributes to the resilience of an ecosystem, specifically its ability to withstand disturbances and return to its initial state?
How does the concept of albedo relate to ecosystem resilience?
How does the concept of albedo relate to ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following scenarios does NOT demonstrate a tipping point in the ecosystem?
Which of the following scenarios does NOT demonstrate a tipping point in the ecosystem?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a consequence of human intervention that can positively impact ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a consequence of human intervention that can positively impact ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following aspects of the EIA process aims to limit the effects of potential impacts to acceptable levels?
Which of the following aspects of the EIA process aims to limit the effects of potential impacts to acceptable levels?
Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the EIA process?
Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the EIA process?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between resilience and diversity in an ecosystem?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between resilience and diversity in an ecosystem?
What is the primary reason why ecological footprints differ between countries and individuals?
What is the primary reason why ecological footprints differ between countries and individuals?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to ecosystem resilience?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to ecosystem resilience?
In the context of ecosystem resilience, why are tipping points concerning?
In the context of ecosystem resilience, why are tipping points concerning?
Which of the following is a sign that a population is placing greater demands on the environment than it can sustainably provide?
Which of the following is a sign that a population is placing greater demands on the environment than it can sustainably provide?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a country's ecological footprint?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a country's ecological footprint?
Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the combustion of fossil fuels?
Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the combustion of fossil fuels?
Considering the various pollutants released by human activities, which of these pairs represent a primary pollutant and its resulting secondary pollutant?
Considering the various pollutants released by human activities, which of these pairs represent a primary pollutant and its resulting secondary pollutant?
Which of the following represents a mismatch between the pollutant source and its primary environmental consequence?
Which of the following represents a mismatch between the pollutant source and its primary environmental consequence?
Based on the text, which of the following pollutants is MOST likely to cause a direct threat to human health by interfering with the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
Based on the text, which of the following pollutants is MOST likely to cause a direct threat to human health by interfering with the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
Which of the following describes a scenario where secondary pollutants are likely to have a significant impact on human health?
Which of the following describes a scenario where secondary pollutants are likely to have a significant impact on human health?
What does the term 'realized niche' refer to in ecology?
What does the term 'realized niche' refer to in ecology?
Which factor is NOT considered a limiting factor in population growth?
Which factor is NOT considered a limiting factor in population growth?
What is the main difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
What is the main difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
Which of the following best defines abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
Which of the following best defines abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
How does competition influence population growth and size?
How does competition influence population growth and size?
Which perspective emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature over humanity and seeks to diminish human environmental impacts?
Which perspective emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature over humanity and seeks to diminish human environmental impacts?
What is a characteristic of soft ecologists compared to deep ecologists?
What is a characteristic of soft ecologists compared to deep ecologists?
Which statement best describes the technocentrist view of environmental management?
Which statement best describes the technocentrist view of environmental management?
What distinguishes moderate anthropocentrists from extreme ecocentrists?
What distinguishes moderate anthropocentrists from extreme ecocentrists?
Which of the following best characterizes the beliefs of cornucopians?
Which of the following best characterizes the beliefs of cornucopians?
Which of the following best describes the significance of Rachel Carson's book "Silent Spring" in the development of the modern environmental movement?
Which of the following best describes the significance of Rachel Carson's book "Silent Spring" in the development of the modern environmental movement?
The Minamata Bay disaster in Japan and the Chernobyl nuclear explosion are both examples of which of the following?
The Minamata Bay disaster in Japan and the Chernobyl nuclear explosion are both examples of which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the modern environmental movement?
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the modern environmental movement?
How do multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) impact the environment?
How do multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) impact the environment?
What role do intergovernmental bodies, such as the United Nations (UN), play in shaping environmental policy?
What role do intergovernmental bodies, such as the United Nations (UN), play in shaping environmental policy?
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of 'inertia' as it relates to unsustainable practices?
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of 'inertia' as it relates to unsustainable practices?
Which scenario best demonstrates the 'Tragedy of the Commons' principle?
Which scenario best demonstrates the 'Tragedy of the Commons' principle?
What key difference distinguishes 'natural capital' from 'natural income'?
What key difference distinguishes 'natural capital' from 'natural income'?
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is most likely to be conducted in which of the following situations?
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is most likely to be conducted in which of the following situations?
Which of the following factors is NOT directly assessed as part of a baseline study for an EIA?
Which of the following factors is NOT directly assessed as part of a baseline study for an EIA?
Which of these scenarios best exemplifies unstable equilibrium in an ecological system?
Which of these scenarios best exemplifies unstable equilibrium in an ecological system?
Based on the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, which scenario would likely have the highest efficiency of energy transfer?
Based on the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, which scenario would likely have the highest efficiency of energy transfer?
Which of the following examples best illustrates a positive feedback loop, as described in the text?
Which of the following examples best illustrates a positive feedback loop, as described in the text?
A system with a large number of interconnected components and complex interactions is most likely to exhibit which characteristic?
A system with a large number of interconnected components and complex interactions is most likely to exhibit which characteristic?
What is the primary difference between steady-state equilibrium and static equilibrium?
What is the primary difference between steady-state equilibrium and static equilibrium?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of self-regulation in a biological system?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of self-regulation in a biological system?
Which of these is NOT a direct implication of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics on ecological systems?
Which of these is NOT a direct implication of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics on ecological systems?
Which scenario illustrates a clear example of a negative feedback loop in an ecological system?
Which scenario illustrates a clear example of a negative feedback loop in an ecological system?
Flashcards
System
System
A set of interrelated parts and connections forming a complex whole.
Open system
Open system
A system that exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings.
Closed system
Closed system
A system that exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings.
Isolated system
Isolated system
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Transfers
Transfers
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Transformations
Transformations
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Gaia Hypothesis
Gaia Hypothesis
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Model accuracy
Model accuracy
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S-curves
S-curves
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J-curves
J-curves
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Mutualism
Mutualism
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Lag phase
Lag phase
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Carrying capacity
Carrying capacity
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EIA Purpose
EIA Purpose
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EIA Summary
EIA Summary
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Ecological Footprint
Ecological Footprint
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Unsustainability Indicator
Unsustainability Indicator
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Factors Influencing EF
Factors Influencing EF
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Rachel Carson
Rachel Carson
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NGOs
NGOs
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Minamata Bay Incident
Minamata Bay Incident
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DDT
DDT
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Chernobyl Disaster
Chernobyl Disaster
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Pollution
Pollution
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Primary Pollutants
Primary Pollutants
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Secondary Pollutants
Secondary Pollutants
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Sources of Pollution
Sources of Pollution
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Eutrophication
Eutrophication
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Albedo
Albedo
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Positive Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
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Ecosystem Resilience
Ecosystem Resilience
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Factors Affecting Resilience
Factors Affecting Resilience
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Tipping Point
Tipping Point
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Lake Eutrophication
Lake Eutrophication
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Coral Reef Death
Coral Reef Death
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Species Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
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Sustainability
Sustainability
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
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Ecological Overshoot
Ecological Overshoot
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Natural Capital
Natural Capital
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Tragedy of the Commons
Tragedy of the Commons
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Species
Species
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Ecocentrists
Ecocentrists
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Population
Population
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Deep Ecologists
Deep Ecologists
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Niche
Niche
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Anthropocentrists
Anthropocentrists
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Intraspecific Competition
Intraspecific Competition
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Technocentrists
Technocentrists
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Cornucopians
Cornucopians
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1st Law of Thermodynamics
1st Law of Thermodynamics
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
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Complexity & Stability
Complexity & Stability
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Equilibrium
Equilibrium
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Stable Equilibrium
Stable Equilibrium
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Unstable Equilibrium
Unstable Equilibrium
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Feedback Loops
Feedback Loops
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Self-Regulation
Self-Regulation
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Study Notes
Systems & Models
- System: a set of interrelated parts & connection between them
- Ways of visualizing complex systems: complex systems broken down into big components
- Types of systems
- Open: exchanges matter & energy with surroundings
- Closed: exchanges energy but not matter with surroundings
- Isolated: exchanges neither energy nor matter with surroundings
- Examples of systems
- Biosphere
- Greenhouse (prototype city w/8 ppl inside for 2yrs)
- Storage: stores of matter/energy
- Flows: into/through/out of system
- Inputs: arrows in (enters system)
- Outputs: arrows out (produced in end)
- Boundaries: lines
- Processes: transformations
- Examples: respiration, precipitation, diffusion
- Transfers: move energy/matter from one place to another (not changed)
- Examples: carnivores eating other animals, movement of water, movement of material in non-living processes, movement of energy
Models of Systems
- Models of systems simplify complex systems
- Models can predict change of input
- Models can be applied to other similar situations
- Models can help us see patterns
- Accuracy lost = simplifications
- Models may be inaccurate if our assumptions are wrong, then the model will be wrong
Gaia Hypothesis
- Proposed that Earth is a single living system (global system)
- Earth maintains homeostasis (temp, climate, ocean)
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