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Questions and Answers
What happens to the prey of a removed species in a food web?
What do the arrows in a food chain represent?
What is the term used to describe the position of a species in a food chain?
What is the reason why pesticides accumulate in an individual's body?
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What happens to energy as it is transferred between trophic levels?
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What type of organism eats both plants and animals?
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Which process converts sugar into usable energy for organisms?
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What type of ecosystem is characterized by areas where water covers the soil year-round or during certain periods of the year?
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What is the study of the interactions between living things, other organisms, and the environment?
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Which abiotic factor is important for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?
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What is the primary energy source for producers?
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Study Notes
Food Webs and Chains
- A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains, showing feeding relationships within a community.
- If a species is removed, its prey may increase while its consumers will decrease.
- If a species is added, a whole food web may be disrupted.
Food Chains
- A food chain is a simple sequence of species showing feeding relationships (who eats who).
- Arrows are used to show the direction of energy transfer between species.
Trophic Levels
- Trophic levels describe the feeding position of a species on a food chain (higher = greater predator).
- Energy is transferred between levels, with some loss due to organisms' use and release of energy.
Bioaccumulation
- Bioaccumulation is the concentration of substances (e.g., pesticides) in an individual due to its inability to excretate them.
- This occurs because substances are soluble in fats/oil, not water, and are not broken down by bodily waste.
Types of Organisms
- Omnivores: eat both plants and animals.
- Carnivores: eat only animals.
- Herbivores: eat only plants.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process of converting sugar into usable energy.
- Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process of green plants making their own food.
- Radiant Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.
Ecosystems
- Wetland: an area where water covers or is on the surface of soil year-round or during periods.
- Wetland vegetation flourishes and adapts to wet soil, high nutrient, and water availability.
Ecology and Related Concepts
- Ecology is the study of interactions between living things, other organisms, and the environment.
- Biosphere: parts of Earth where life exists, combining the other spheres.
- Biome: a community or area with distinct plants and animals, sharing common adaptations.
Abiotic Factors
- Distinct Abiotic Factors (Aquatic):
- Salinity: concentration of salt in aquatic ecosystems, affecting water density, soil, and plant health.
- Acidity: increased acidity can disrupt species populations.
- General Abiotic Factors:
- Water availability: essential for all organisms.
- Light availability: primary energy source for producers, providing energy for all organisms.
- Nutrient availability: necessary for producers to produce ample nutrients.
- Temperature: affects species populations and ecosystem optimal conditions.
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Description
Understand the concepts of food webs, food chains, and trophic levels, and how species interactions affect ecosystems.
