Ecology: Ecosystems and Ecological Organization

<p>Chemosynthesis uses geothermal energy, while photosynthesis uses solar energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producers are the first trophic level that convert CO2 into food, the higher trophic levels consume this food, and decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms back to the soil for the producers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimentation/Data gathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A community consists of interacting populations within an ecosystem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The species produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cyclical relationship between predator and prey populations in an ecosystem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It establishes an upper limit on population size due to limited availability of essential resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autecology studies individual organisms; synecology studies groups of organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tolerance Limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Community ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horizon O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ecosystem will undergo significant changes, potentially leading to reduced biodiversity and altered ecological functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of birds with a long reproductive cycle struggling to find mates due to habitat fragmentation and decreased population density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By removing moisture from the surface of plants and animals, maintaining a concentration gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients from decaying leaves are absorbed by the soil and used by plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light penetration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terrestrial: Precipitation; Aquatic: Water currents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down non-living material, enhancing topsoil and recycling nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detritivores consume non-living organic matter, while decomposers break down leaf litter and other non-living material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decomposition rates increase up to the optimum temperature for the decomposers involved, after which they may decline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased efficiency in all internal biological processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By behavioral and physiological adjustments to the external environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating its internal body temperature as a poikilotherm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a homeotherm with efficient internal temperature regulation mechanisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detritivores facilitate the initial breakdown of organic matter, making it accessible for this reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using insulation strategies like hairs or thick barks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By becoming nocturnal to avoid the heat of the day, tolerating dehydration, and tolerating elevated body temperatures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing the primary energy source for photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, causing damage to organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil moisture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing the proper arrangement of soil particles creating good drainage of water &amp; gases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They deplete the ozone layer, reducing its ability to shield the Earth from harmful solar radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a condition where plants cannot absorb water because the roots become less permeable due to very low temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the role of imprinting and instinct in social interactions among animals.

Everything in nature is connected and affects everything else.

Coined the term 'Ecology' from the Greek word 'oikos' in 1869.

Non-living physical and chemical elements in the environment, like temperature and water.

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.

A process in mitochondria converting glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

Organisms that consume nonliving organic matter and recycle nutrients.

Organisms, like fungi and bacteria, that break down dead material and recycle nutrients.

Warm-blooded animals that maintain a constant body temperature, like birds and mammals.

Cold-blooded animals that control body temperature through environmental means, like reptiles.

Animals that can be either warm-blooded or cold-blooded based on conditions.

The temperature range where organisms function best.

Organisms that capture solar energy for photosynthesis, producing food.

Organisms that produce their own food from light or chemical energy.

Process by which producers convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming producers or other consumers.

A systematic process to investigate phenomena, develop hypotheses, and test them.

A framework for scientific investigation that involves proposing and testing hypotheses.

Hierarchical structure from subatomic particles to the universe, showing how matter is organized.

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment, both biotic and abiotic.

The study of individual organisms, their life histories, and adaptations to the environment.

The study of groups of organisms interacting within a community.

The study of population dynamics, growth, and fluctuations.

The study of chemical interactions in ecology, such as animal signals and defense mechanisms.

The top layer of soil, rich in organic material like decomposed leaves and plants.

The layer of soil below Horizon O, where minerals and organic matter mix, known as topsoil.

Wind aids in pollination, seed dispersal, and affects transpiration in plants.

Time influences processes like food gathering, reproduction, and locomotion in organisms.

Factors like sunlight, temperature, and soil nutrients that restrict organism growth on land.

Damage to plants caused by ice crystals forming between cells.

Condition where plant roots become less permeable to water due to low temperatures.

Plants adapted to arid conditions with succulent tissues for water storage.

Plants that grow submerged or floating in water, possessing air spaces.

Plants that thrive in marine environments and have succulent bodies.

Ability of plants to survive and grow in low light conditions.

Reactions of organisms to changes in day length, affecting their growth and behavior.

Classification of soil based on the size of its particles (clay, sand, silt, loam).