Ecology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a community and an ecosystem?

  • Ecosystems only exist in aquatic environments, while communities exist on land.
  • A community is a larger, more general term than an ecosystem.
  • An ecosystem encompasses a community along with its physical environment. (correct)
  • A community includes the abiotic factors, while an ecosystem only includes biotic factors.

In the context of ecology, exponential population growth will continue indefinitely in a natural ecosystem.

False (B)

Explain how the $10%$ rule of energy transfer impacts the structure of food chains and food webs.

The 10% rule limits the length of food chains because energy is lost at each trophic level, meaning less energy is available for higher levels to support organisms.

The process where bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants is called nitrogen ______.

<p>fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological interactions with their descriptions:

<p>Mutualism = Both species benefit Commensalism = One species benefits, the other is unaffected Parasitism = One species benefits, the other is harmed Competition = Both species are harmed by seeking the same resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biogeochemical cycle is most directly affected by the burning of fossil fuels?

<p>Carbon cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary succession occurs after a forest fire where soil is already present.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one way deforestation can impact both the water cycle and the carbon cycle.

<p>Deforestation reduces transpiration, decreasing rainfall and disrupting the water cycle. It also reduces carbon sequestration, impacting the carbon cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of its ecological community is known as a ______ species.

<p>keystone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservation biology?

<p>To understand and protect biodiversity and restore degraded ecosystems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is ecology?

The study of interactions between living organisms and their environment.

What is a population?

A group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in the same area.

What is an ecosystem?

A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment.

What are biotic factors?

Living components of an ecosystem.

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Who are producers (autotrophs)?

Convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

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What are consumers (heterotrophs)?

Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms.

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What is mutualism?

A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.

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What are nutrient cycles?

Movement and recycling of essential elements through ecosystems.

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What is ecological succession?

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

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What is biodiversity?

The variety of life at all levels, including genes, species, and ecosystems.

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