Ecology Competition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

To produce hormones for blood regulation

To filter blood and form urine (correct)

To store urine before excretion

To absorb nutrients from digested food

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corpus luteum develop?

Luteal phase (correct)

Follicular phase

Ovulatory phase

Menstrual phase

Which of these phyla possess exoskeletons?

Arthropoda (correct)

Echinodermata

Chordata

Annelida

What occurs during the process of filtration in the excretory system?

Transfer of fluids and solutes from blood to renal tubules Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the ovarian cycle?

Secretion of estrogen by the developing follicle Signup and view all the answers

What type of competition is demonstrated when leopards deplete the warthog population that tigers rely on for food?

Exploitation competition Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does apparent competition occur?

An increase in owls leads to a decline in spider populations due to higher predation. Signup and view all the answers

What does resource partitioning allow species to do?

Avoid competition by using different niches. Signup and view all the answers

How does intraspecific competition affect a species?

It can lead to conflicts over resources within the same species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between exploitation and apparent competition?

Exploitation competition is focused on the depletion of a resource, while apparent competition concerns mutual predation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the outcome of an increase in leopards on the warthog population?

Exploitation competition that affects tiger fitness indirectly. Signup and view all the answers

What ecological concept explains how two species can coexist by feeding at different depths in a habitat?

Resource partitioning Signup and view all the answers

What are the major forces driving the formation of the phospholipid bilayer?

Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers

How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration in hot environments?

Temporal isolation of processes Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of nondisjunction occurring during the first meiotic division?

Some gametes will have an abnormal chromosome count Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is formed as a product of beta-oxidation?

Acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Na+/K+ pumps cannot hydrolyze ATP?

Sodium ions will accumulate inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Na+/K+ ATPase in cells?

Maintaining an electrochemical gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes van der Waals forces in the context of the phospholipid bilayer?

They help stabilize the membrane structure through attraction between nonpolar molecules Signup and view all the answers

Why do CAM plants open their stomata at night?

To absorb CO2 for storage without water loss Signup and view all the answers

What results from the absorption of fatty acids during beta-oxidation?

Production of acetyl-CoA for the Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does nondisjunction typically occur?

Primarily during meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ecological Concepts

Exploitation Competition: Indirect competition where one species reduces the availability of a resource for another. Example: Increased leopard population depleting warthog resources for tigers.
Resource Partitioning: Coexistence of species in the same habitat by utilizing different niches. Example: Two fish species living at different depths to avoid competition.
Apparent Competition: Occurs when one species' population increase leads to another species' decline through a shared predator. Example: Higher owl numbers reduce the spider population due to predation.
Intraspecific Competition: Competition among individuals of the same species for limited resources, leading to potential conflicts. Example: Two basil plants competing for water and nutrients in a small pot.

Phospholipid Bilayer Formation

Major Forces: Formation driven primarily by hydrophobic interactions and maintained by van der Waals forces.
Phospholipid Orientation: Fatty acid tails face inward, while hydrophilic phosphate heads face outward, away from the aqueous environments.

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

Mechanism: CAM plants reduce photorespiration in hot climates through temporal isolation of processes.
Stomata Behavior: Stomata open at night for CO₂ uptake and close during the day to minimize water loss, utilizing the stored CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.

Nondisjunction in Meiosis

Definition: Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to aneuploidy.
Meiosis I Nondisjunction Outcomes: Results in two cells with an extra chromosome (n+1) and two with one less chromosome (n-1). Post-fertilization options are 47 (2n+1) or 45 (2n-1) chromosomes.

Beta-Oxidation

Location: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Products: Acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2 generated from fatty acid breakdown. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle.

Na+/K+ ATPase Function

Function: Actively pumps sodium out (3 Na+) and potassium in (2 K+) against their concentration gradients.
Effects of ATP Hydrolysis Failure: Inability to hydrolyze ATP results in sodium accumulation inside the cell and potassium outside, disrupting electrochemical gradients.

Arthropods and Body Structure

Key Characteristics: Possess exoskeletons, segmented bodies, jointed appendages, triploblastic development, and bilateral symmetry.
Comparison with Other Phyla: Annelids (segmented worms) lack exoskeletons, chordates have notochords, and echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry without segmentation.

Kidney Filtration

Filtration Site: Takes place at the renal corpuscle, composed of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
Nephron Functions: Includes filtration, reabsorption of substances back into the bloodstream, secretion of waste, and excretion of urine.

Ovarian Cycle and Luteal Phase

Luteal Phase: Follows ovulation and involves corpus luteum development, secreting estrogen and progesterone to thicken the uterine endometrium.
Distinction from Other Phases: Secondary oocyte release and hormone peaks occur during the follicular phase, not the luteal phase.

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Description

Test your understanding of exploitation competition in ecological communities. This quiz will explore how species like leopards and tigers compete for shared resources, using warthogs as an example. Challenge yourself with questions related to population dynamics and resource depletion.