Ecology Chapter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which ecological level involves biotic factors but not abiotic factors?

Both A and C

Ecosystem

Population

Community (correct)

What best defines the concept of carrying capacity?

The minimum population a species can maintain

The number of species an environment can support

The maximum population a species can sustain (correct)

The total individual count of all species in an area

Which example shows negative feedback in regulating population size?

Predators bringing prey population back to carrying capacity (correct)

An increase in prey leading to fewer predators

Exponential population growth

Changes in environmental factors that do not depend on population density

What defines an alien species?

A species introduced to an area by human action Signup and view all the answers

How would an ecologist use a quadrant in their research?

Measure plant population sizes by sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test would help determine if two species of limpets occur together by chance or due to interaction?

Chi-squared test Signup and view all the answers

Which products are common to both anaerobic and aerobic respiration in humans?

Pyruvate and ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis for each molecule of glucose?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the first identifiable product after carbon fixation in photosynthesis?

Glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts?

They produce ATP and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

Which ion movement triggers an action potential in a neuron?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the highest point of the action potential in a nerve impulse?

Potassium channels open, and K+ exits the neuron Signup and view all the answers

During synaptic transmission, what happens to calcium ions?

They enter the synaptic knob from the synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

What restores the resting potential of a neuron after depolarization?

Potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for secondary immune responses?

Memory cells Signup and view all the answers

What causes glucagon secretion to increase?

Fasting for a long period Signup and view all the answers

What happens to FAD+ during pyruvate decarboxylation?

It is reduced Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of reactions when a hexose sugar is broken down during glycolysis?

Phosphorylation → oxidation → lysis Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism directly generates ATP in the mitochondria?

Proton movement from the intermembrane space to the matrix Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes typically influence activation energy?

Lower the energy required for reaction initiation Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a competitive inhibitor have on enzyme activity?

Inhibits substrate binding Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the induced-fit model of enzyme binding?

Both the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of feedback inhibition?

The production of isoleucine is regulated Signup and view all the answers

Where can chlorophyll be found in plant cells?

Thylakoid membranes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ecology

Ecological level involving biotic factors but not abiotic factors: Community
Carrying capacity definition: The maximum population a species can sustain in an environment
Negative feedback regulating population size example: Predators bringing prey populations back to carrying capacity

Alien Species

Definition: A species introduced to an area by human action

Ecology (continued)

Quadrant use in ecology: Estimate plant population sizes by sampling

Statistics and Species Interactions

Statistical test for species occurrence: Chi-squared test

Cellular Respiration

Common products of anaerobic and aerobic respiration: Pyruvate and ATP
Net ATP yield from glycolysis: 2 ATP
Proton flow in mitochondria during ATP synthesis: From the matrix to the intermembrane space
Link reaction in aerobic respiration: Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation

Enzymes and Biochemical Reactions

Enzyme influence on activation energy: Lower the energy required for reaction initiation
Competitive inhibitor effect on enzyme activity: Decreases reaction temperature
Induced-fit model of enzyme binding: Both the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes
Feedback inhibition: Changes in transpeptidases lead to antibiotic resistance

Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll location: Thylakoid membranes
Light-dependent reaction product used in Calvin Cycle: ATP and NADPH
Light-independent reaction process: Carbon dioxide reduction
First product after carbon fixation in photosynthesis: Glycerate-3-phosphate (GP)
Thylakoid membrane function: Create a high concentration of protons for ATP production

Nerve Function and Action Potentials

Ion triggering action potential: Sodium
Action potential end process: Potassium channels open, and K+ exits the neuron
Synaptic transmission calcium role: Calcium ions enter the synaptic knob from the synaptic cleft
Restoring resting neurons: Potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron

Immunology and Hormonal Control

Secondary immune response cells: Memory cells
Virus-infected cell destroyer: Cytotoxic T-cells
Bacterial infection fighter: All of the above (Antigen presentation by macrophages, Activation of helper T-cells, Activation of B-cells)
Oxytocin role: Stimulates uterine contractions

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Description

Test your knowledge on ecological concepts and terminology with this Ecology chapter quiz. Questions cover biotic and abiotic factors, carrying capacity, species interactions, and respiratory processes. Perfect for anyone studying ecology and environmental science!