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Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between primary and secondary succession?
What is the primary distinction between primary and secondary succession?
- Primary succession occurs in areas with existing soil, whereas secondary occurs in lifeless areas with no soil.
- Primary succession involves species that reproduce early, while secondary succession involves those that reproduce later.
- Primary succession involves development that starts in a lifeless area with no soil, while secondary starts where soil is already present. (correct)
- Primary succession is a rapid process compared to secondary succession as there is no soil.
If a population of grasshoppers consumes 1000 Joules of energy from plants, approximately how much energy will be available to the snakes that eat the grasshoppers, assuming that they are the next trophic level?
If a population of grasshoppers consumes 1000 Joules of energy from plants, approximately how much energy will be available to the snakes that eat the grasshoppers, assuming that they are the next trophic level?
- 100 Joules (correct)
- 1000 Joules
- 10 Joules
- 10000 Joules
Which of the following correctly pairs a symbiotic relationship with its effect on the organisms involved?
Which of the following correctly pairs a symbiotic relationship with its effect on the organisms involved?
- Parasitism: both organisms benefit.
- Commensalism: both organisms are harmed.
- Mutualism: both organisms benefit. (correct)
- Mutualism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed.
Which of the following organisms would be best identified as an r-strategist?
Which of the following organisms would be best identified as an r-strategist?
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of energy flow through a basic food web?
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of energy flow through a basic food web?
Flashcards
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Largest reservoirs of carbon in sediment, oceans, and atmosphere.
Producers/Autotroph
Producers/Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.
Trophic Levels
Trophic Levels
Levels in the food chain: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers.
Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity
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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Study Notes
Carbon Reservoirs
- Carbonate rocks, oceans, and the atmosphere are significant carbon reservoirs.
Biotic/Abiotic Components
- Biotic components represent living organisms, while abiotic components are non-living parts of an ecosystem.
Producers/Autotrophs
- Producers are organisms like photosynthetic life that create their own food.
Trophic Levels
- Trophic levels show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, ranging from producers to tertiary consumers.
Energy Flow in Food Webs
- Only 10% of usable energy is transferred between trophic levels. This is due to energy loss as heat, indigestible biomass, and energy spent by predators.
Primary Succession
- Primary succession happens in lifeless areas lacking soil (like receding glaciers).
Secondary Succession
- Secondary succession occurs where soil remains (e.g., after a forest fire).
Symbiotic Relationships
- Mutualism: Both organisms benefit.
- Commensalism: One organism benefits, the other is unaffected.
- Parasitism: One organism (parasite) benefits at the host's expense.
Carrying Capacity
- Carrying capacity is the maximum population size an environment can sustain.
Reproductive Strategies
- r-strategists: Reproduce early, produce many unprotected offspring (e.g., insects, mice).
- K-strategists: Reproduce later in life, invest in fewer, cared-for offspring (e.g., humans, elephants).
Natural Selection
- Natural selection favors organisms with traits that are better adapted to their environment, allowing them to pass those traits to offspring.
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