Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of energy for Earth?
What is the primary source of energy for Earth?
- Solar energy (correct)
- Geothermal energy
- Wind energy
- Nuclear energy
Which organisms are classified as producers?
Which organisms are classified as producers?
- Plants and some bacteria (correct)
- Animals and fungi
- Decomposers and scavengers
- Carnivores and herbivores
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?
- Oxygen and water
- Carbohydrates and carbon dioxide
- Oxygen and carbohydrates (correct)
- Carbohydrates, oxygen, and water
In the context of energy absorption, what do high albedo surfaces do?
In the context of energy absorption, what do high albedo surfaces do?
Which process is carried out by chemoautotrophs?
Which process is carried out by chemoautotrophs?
What do all living things convert into usable energy?
What do all living things convert into usable energy?
What type of organisms are photoautotrophs?
What type of organisms are photoautotrophs?
What is the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
What is the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
What does ecology primarily study?
What does ecology primarily study?
Which of the following factors is considered biotic?
Which of the following factors is considered biotic?
Which term is used to describe the non-living components of an ecosystem?
Which term is used to describe the non-living components of an ecosystem?
What is a characteristic of an open system?
What is a characteristic of an open system?
What is the primary process of thermal energy transfer that occurs in solids and liquids?
What is the primary process of thermal energy transfer that occurs in solids and liquids?
Which component of the biosphere includes all of Earth’s water?
Which component of the biosphere includes all of Earth’s water?
Who coined the term 'ecology' and in which year?
Who coined the term 'ecology' and in which year?
At which trophic level would you typically find herbivores?
At which trophic level would you typically find herbivores?
The gaseous part of Earth, primarily concentrated within 10 km of the surface, is known as what?
The gaseous part of Earth, primarily concentrated within 10 km of the surface, is known as what?
How much energy from one trophic level is typically available for the next trophic level?
How much energy from one trophic level is typically available for the next trophic level?
What mechanism forms currents through the movement of particles in fluids?
What mechanism forms currents through the movement of particles in fluids?
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
Which of the following statements regarding energy transfer at trophic levels is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding energy transfer at trophic levels is correct?
What term describes organisms that can produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?
What term describes organisms that can produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?
What limits the number of organisms and trophic levels in an ecosystem?
What limits the number of organisms and trophic levels in an ecosystem?
Which of the following processes is NOT part of the continuous cycle in an ecosystem?
Which of the following processes is NOT part of the continuous cycle in an ecosystem?
What are the key reactants in the chemosynthesis equation?
What are the key reactants in the chemosynthesis equation?
Which of the following statements is true about photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?
Which of the following statements is true about photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?
Which type of consumer primarily feeds on other animals?
Which type of consumer primarily feeds on other animals?
What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?
Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?
What form of energy is generally considered 'wasted' in energy transformations?
What form of energy is generally considered 'wasted' in energy transformations?
Which of the following processes best describes thermal energy transfer through direct contact?
Which of the following processes best describes thermal energy transfer through direct contact?
In the context of radiation, what happens when energy is absorbed by a substance?
In the context of radiation, what happens when energy is absorbed by a substance?
Flashcards
What is ecology?
What is ecology?
The study of the interactions between living organisms and their non-living environment.
Biotic factors
Biotic factors
Living components of an ecosystem, including organisms, their relationships, and processes like photosynthesis and competition.
Abiotic factors
Abiotic factors
Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, and water.
What is the biosphere?
What is the biosphere?
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Atmosphere
Atmosphere
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Lithosphere
Lithosphere
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Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere
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Open system
Open system
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Chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
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Chemosynthetic Producers
Chemosynthetic Producers
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Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
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Herbivores
Herbivores
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Carnivores
Carnivores
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Omnivores
Omnivores
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Decomposers
Decomposers
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Radiation
Radiation
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Earth as a Closed System
Earth as a Closed System
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The Need for Energy
The Need for Energy
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Producers = Autotrophs
Producers = Autotrophs
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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Albedo
Albedo
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Chemoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
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Conduction
Conduction
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Convection
Convection
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Trophic Level
Trophic Level
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Producers
Producers
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Primary Consumers
Primary Consumers
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Secondary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
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Tertiary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
- Ecology is the study of relationships between living things (biotic) and their non-living surroundings (abiotic).
- The term "ecology" was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
- Ecology encompasses various aspects including nature, with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), mathematics, and sciences like biology, physics, chemistry, geology, as well as sub-disciplines like oceanography and environmental science.
- Ecology also comprises technology (like engineering and resource management) and culture (spirituality, religion, etc.).
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
- Biotic factors are all living components within an ecosystem.
- Living organisms, their relationships (like photosynthesis and respiration), and processes like growth, reproduction, parasitism, disease, and competition.
- Abiotic factors are all non-living components.
- Examples include temperature, sunlight, water, wind, humidity, rock, soil, salinity, water movement, and pH.
Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
- Earth is a closed system, meaning matter is not exchanged with surroundings, and energy cycles between Earth's components.
- Solar energy enters the atmosphere, and some is reflected/radiated back into space.
- Some energy is converted to other forms, and some is also lost as thermal energy.
The Need for Energy
- All organisms require energy for growth, maintenance, reproduction, and movement.
- Organisms obtain energy primarily from the sun.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Producers (plants, algae, bacteria) convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates) through photosynthesis.
- All living things use energy from carbohydrates through cellular respiration.
- Reactions are complementary—products of one are reactants for the other.
Energy in the Deep Ocean
- Chemoautotrophs (in deep-sea vents) use chemical energy (like hydrogen sulfide) instead of sunlight for photosynthesis.
- This process is similar to but different from standard photosynthesis in terms of the energy sources utilized and the by-products produced.
Consumers and Trophic Levels
- Consumers: Heterotrophs — must consume other autotrophs or heterotrophs for energy (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
- Decomposers: Obtain energy by digesting dead matter (bacteria, fungi), breaking down organic molecules, and returning inorganic matter to the environment for reuse.
- Detrivores: Feed on small particles of decomposing or dead matter.
- Scavengers: Consume large particles of dead matter.
The Fate of Energy in the Biosphere
- The amount of energy available decreases as you move up the trophic levels.
- Approximately 10% of energy is transferred to the next higher level, the rest is lost as heat.
Laws of Thermodynamics
- First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed—it can only be converted from one form to another.
- Second Law: No energy transformation is 100% efficient; some energy is lost (often as heat during conversions).
Food Chains and Food Webs
- Food chains represent the linear flow of energy from one organism to another.
- Food webs represent all the interconnected energy transfer pathways (including the various trophic levels for a variety of organisms).
- Consumers feed in multiple pathways, so there are multiple branches for a food web. Producers are always at the first trophic level.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of ecology in this quiz based on Chapter 1. Understand the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors that shape ecosystems and delve into the integration of various scientific disciplines. Test your knowledge of energy transfer and the components that influence ecological balance.
