Ecology and Environment Quiz

Water Cycle

• The water cycle involves the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth
• It consists of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

Photosynthesis

• Process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
• Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
• Importance: produces oxygen, regulates Earth's climate, and supports life

Feeding Relationships

• Food chain: sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
• Food web: network of interconnected food chains
• Types of consumers: herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, decomposers

Atomic Structure

• Atom: smallest unit of matter
• Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons
• Electron configuration: arrangement of electrons in energy levels (shells)

Periodic Table

• Organizes elements by properties and recurring patterns
• Elements: substances consisting of atoms with the same number of protons
• Periods: horizontal rows; groups: vertical columns

Substances

• Pure substance: matter with a fixed composition
• Impure substance (mixture): blend of two or more substances with varying compositions
• Examples: air (mixture of gases), alloys (mixtures of metals)

Gases

• State of matter with neither shape nor volume
• Properties: compressibility, expandability, low density
• Behaviors: diffusion, effusion, gas laws (e.g., Boyle's Law)

Physical Change

• Alteration of a substance's state or phase without change in composition
• Examples: melting, freezing, boiling, condensation

Chemical Change

• Transformation of one substance into another with a change in composition
• Examples: rusting, combustion, photosynthesis

Nutrients and their Sources

• Macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats
• Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals
• Food sources: plants, animals, fungi, fortified products

Teeth Structure and Function

• Tooth composition: enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp
• Functions: biting, chewing, grinding, speaking

Digestion and Digestive System

• Mechanisms: mechanical breakdown, chemical digestion
• Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Respiration

• Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
• Stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
• Importance: energy production, CO2 regulation

Separation of Mixtures

• Methods: filtration, sedimentation, decantation, chromatography, distillation
• Applications: purification, recycling, chemical synthesis

Water Cycle

• The water cycle involves the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth
• It consists of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

Photosynthesis

• Process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
• Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
• Importance: produces oxygen, regulates Earth's climate, and supports life

Feeding Relationships

• Food chain: sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
• Food web: network of interconnected food chains
• Types of consumers: herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, decomposers

Atomic Structure

• Atom: smallest unit of matter
• Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons
• Electron configuration: arrangement of electrons in energy levels (shells)

Periodic Table

• Organizes elements by properties and recurring patterns
• Elements: substances consisting of atoms with the same number of protons
• Periods: horizontal rows; groups: vertical columns

Substances

• Pure substance: matter with a fixed composition
• Impure substance (mixture): blend of two or more substances with varying compositions
• Examples: air (mixture of gases), alloys (mixtures of metals)

Gases

• State of matter with neither shape nor volume
• Properties: compressibility, expandability, low density
• Behaviors: diffusion, effusion, gas laws (e.g., Boyle's Law)

Physical Change

• Alteration of a substance's state or phase without change in composition
• Examples: melting, freezing, boiling, condensation

Chemical Change

• Transformation of one substance into another with a change in composition
• Examples: rusting, combustion, photosynthesis

Nutrients and their Sources

• Macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats
• Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals
• Food sources: plants, animals, fungi, fortified products

Teeth Structure and Function

• Tooth composition: enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp
• Functions: biting, chewing, grinding, speaking

Digestion and Digestive System

• Mechanisms: mechanical breakdown, chemical digestion
• Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Respiration

• Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
• Stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
• Importance: energy production, CO2 regulation

Separation of Mixtures

• Methods: filtration, sedimentation, decantation, chromatography, distillation
• Applications: purification, recycling, chemical synthesis