Ecology and Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a 'niche' in an ecosystem?

  • The physical space an organism occupies
  • The energy transferred between trophic levels
  • The total mass of living organisms in an area
  • The role an organism plays within its environment (correct)

    • A sustainable ecosystem can be maintained indefinitely without any resource depletion.

    False

    What is the typical percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?

    10%

    Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the ecosystem, are known as ______.

    <p>decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the most reactive metal?

    <p>Francium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Biotic Factors = Living components of an ecosystem Abiotic Factors = Non-living components of an ecosystem Food Chain = A linear sequence of organisms through which energy and nutrients are passed Food Web = A complex network of interconnected food chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecular compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical name for CCl₄?

    <p>Carbon Tetrachloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exponential growth in a population continues indefinitely without any limits from the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chemical formula for Beryllium Sulfide is ______.

    <p>BeS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support without depleting its resources?

    <p>carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the compound with its corresponding type:

    <p>KCl = Ionic CO₂ = Molecular B₂O₃ = Molecular BeS = Ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process of a liquid turning into a solid?

    <p>Solidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance's flammability is a physical property.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mass of a substance per unit volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets is known as ______.

    <p>malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Qualitative = Describes qualities or characteristics Quantitative = Describes measurements involving numbers Viscosity = The resistance of a liquid to flow Solubility = The ability of a substance to dissolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

    <p>A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem compared to its abundance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

    <p>Melting ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A change in color is always evidence of a physical change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A primary cell battery is rechargeable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of electric charge?

    <p>positive and negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of an element?

    <p>atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material that does not allow the flow of electric charge is called an ______.

    <p>insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ______.

    <p>isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the model of the atom with it’s discoverer:

    <p>Plum Pudding Model = Thomson Nuclear Model = Rutherford Bohr Model = Bohr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ecological terms with their definitions:

    <p>Mutualism = Both species benefit from the relationship Parasitism = One species benefits at the expense of another Competition = Two species or individuals compete for the same resources Commensalism = One species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a proton?

    <p>Positive (+1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level typically has the most biomass in an ecosystem?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An extirpated species no longer exists anywhere on Earth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in a food web?

    <p>break down dead matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the horizontal rows on the periodic table?

    <p>Periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burning fossil fuels increases the level of ______ in the atmosphere.

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in the same group have the same number of ______ electrons.

    <p>valence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with the correct term:

    <p>Static Electricity = The build-up of electric charge on the surface of an object Current Electricity = The flow of electric charge through a conductor Insulator = A material that does not allow the flow of electric charge Conductor = A material that allows the flow of electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the group of elements with their characteristics:

    <p>Alkali Metals = Highly reactive with water Halogens = Form salts with metals Noble Gases = Inert and non-reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a major cause of acid precipitation?

    <p>The burning of fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biodiversity refers only to the number of different species in an ecosystem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a ground in an electrical system?

    <p>safe path for electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A carbon ______ absorbs more carbon dioxide than it releases.

    <p>sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match these components to their description in a voltaic cell:

    <p>Electrodes = Conductive materials through which current enters or leaves Electrolyte = A solution that conducts electricity by allowing ions to move through Voltaic Cell = A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a fuel cell?

    <p>To generate electricity through a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a series circuit, the current is divided among the components.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure electrical resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A circuit where the path for current is complete is called a ______ circuit.

    <p>closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phase changes with their correct definitions:

    <p>Sublimation = Solid to gas Evaporation = Liquid to gas Condensation = Gas to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a rubber balloon is rubbed against wool, which material becomes positively charged?

    <p>The wool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Charging by induction requires direct contact between the charged object and the neutral object.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract?

    <p>Law of Electric Charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The substance that dissolves the solute is called the ______.

    <p>solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a parallel circuit, what remains constant across all components?

    <p>The voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An open circuit allows current to flow through it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using Ohm's Law, calculate the voltage if the current is 2A and the resistance is 5Ω.

    <p>10V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phase change from solid to gas is called ______.

    <p>sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral metal sphere and then the sphere is grounded, what type of charge will the sphere have?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biology Exam Review

    • Ecosystems: A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment.
    • Sustainable Ecosystem: Maintains structure and function without depleting resources.
    • Biotic Factors: Living components (plants, animals, fungi).
    • Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (water, sunlight, temperature).
    • Niche: An organism's role within an ecosystem.
    • Trophic Level: Position in a food chain.
    • Trophic Efficiency: Energy transfer between trophic levels (typically 10%).
    • Symbiosis: Close relationship benefiting at least one species.
      • Mutualism: Both species benefit (e.g., bees and flowers).
      • Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed (e.g., ticks on dogs).
      • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected.
    • Predation: One organism (predator) hunts and consumes another (prey).
    • Competition: Struggle for resources (food, territory).
    • Food Chain: Linear sequence of organisms, transferring energy and nutrients.
    • Food Web: Complex network of interconnected food chains.
    • Biomass: Total mass of living organisms in an area.
    • Decomposer: Break down dead organisms, returning nutrients.
    • Producer: Produces its own food through photosynthesis.
    • Fermentation: Sugar breakdown to energy without oxygen.
    • Greenhouse Gas: Traps heat in the atmosphere (e.g., CO₂, methane).
    • Global Warming: Earth's increasing temperature due to greenhouse gases.
    • Lithosphere: Earth's rigid outer layer (crust and upper mantle).
    • Biosphere: Region of Earth supporting life (land, water, atmosphere).
    • Atmosphere: Layer of gases surrounding Earth (mostly nitrogen, oxygen).
    • Hydrosphere: All water on Earth (oceans, rivers, lakes).
    • Acid Precipitation: Rain, snow, or fog with pH < 5.6 (caused by pollutants).
    • Population: A group of the same species in a specific area.
    • Exponential Growth: Population growth at a constant rate.
    • Carrying Capacity: Maximum population an ecosystem can sustain.
    • Limiting Factors: Environmental factors restricting population growth (e.g., food, space).
    • Predator: Hunts and eats other organisms.
    • Prey: Organism hunted and consumed by a predator.
    • Ecological Footprint: Human impact, measured by land and resources needed.
    • Biodiversity: Variety of life in an ecosystem (species, genetic, and ecosystem).
    • Hot Spots: Areas with high biodiversity and human threats.
    • Community: A group of different species interacting in an area.
    • Dominant Species: Significantly impacts community structure due to abundance/influence.
    • Keystone Species: Species impacting ecosystem significantly, despite low abundance.
    • Extinct Species: No longer exists anywhere.
    • Endangered Species: Risk of extinction in the near future.
    • Threatened Species: Likely to become endangered.
    • Extirpated Species: Disappeared from an area but exists elsewhere.
    • Stewardship: Responsible management of natural resources.
    • Carbon Sink: Natural environment absorbing more CO₂ than it releases.

    Biology Exam Review - Biotic Relationships

    • Symbiosis: Interdependence of two species.
    • Mutualism: Both species benefit (e.g., bees and flowers).
    • Parasitism: One benefits, the other is harmed (e.g., ticks and dogs).
    • Competition: Species compete for resources (territory).

    Biology Exam Review - Food Webs

    • Producers: Organisms making their own food (plants).
    • Herbivores: Organisms eating producers (rabbits, cows).
    • Omnivores: Organisms eating both plants and animals (humans, bears).
    • Carnivores: Organisms eating other animals (lions, tigers).
    • Decomposers: Break down dead matter (bacteria, fungi).
    • Top Carnivore: Highest level predator (e.g., hawks, sharks).
    • Trophic Level with Most Biomass: Usually producers.
    • Bioaccumulation: Accumulation of toxins in organisms higher up the food chain.

    Biology Exam Review - Human Impacts

    • Carbon Cycle: Burning fossil fuels, deforestation increasing atmospheric CO₂ and contributing to global warming.
    • Greenhouse Gases: Trap heat in Earth's atmosphere (e.g., CO₂, methane).
    • Acid Precipitation: Pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides) react with water vapor, forming acid rain. Damages ecosystems and harms organisms.
    • Ecological Footprint: Measures human impact by land and resources needed. Reduced by reducing waste, conserving energy, and using renewable resources.
    • Biodiversity Decrease: Habitat destruction, pollution, overhunting, deforestation, invasive species.

    Physics Exam Review

    • Static Electricity: Build-up of electric charge due to friction.

    • Current Electricity: Flow of electric charge through a conductor.

    • Electrostatic Series: Ranking materials by electron gain/loss.

    • Insulator: Doesn't allow charge flow (rubber, wood).

    • Conductor: Allows charge flow (copper, aluminum).

    • Semiconductor: Conducts charge under specific conditions (silicon).

    • Ground: Safe path for charge to flow to the earth.

    • Electroscope: Detects electric charge presence.

    • Electric Field: Region around a charged object where it exerts force.

    • Induced Charge Separation: Redistribution of charges in a neutral object near a charged object.

    • Ion: Charged atom or molecule.

    • Electric Circuit: Closed loop for current flow.

    • Voltaic Cell: Converts chemical energy to electrical energy (battery).

    • Battery: Voltaic cell(s) providing electrical energy.

    • Electrodes: Conductors in voltaic cells/batteries.

    • Electrolyte: Solution allowing ion movement in batteries.

    • Dry Cell: Battery with paste-like electrolyte (AA, 9V).

    • Wet Cell: Battery with liquid electrolyte (car battery).

    • Primary Cell: Non-rechargeable battery.

    • Secondary Cell: Rechargeable battery.

    • Fuel Cell: Generates electricity through a chemical reaction (Hydrogen/Oxygen fuel cells).

    • Open Circuit: Incomplete circuit path, no current flows.

    • Closed Circuit: Complete circuit path, current flows.

    • Current: Flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

    • Resistance: Opposition to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω).

    • Load: Device using electrical energy in a circuit (lightbulb, motor).

    • Charging Methods:

      • Charging by Friction: Transfer of electrons when materials rubbed together.
      • Charging by Conduction: Electron transfer by direct contact.
      • Charging by Induction: Redistribution of charges without contact. Grounding may be involved.

    • Electric Charge Law: Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.

    • Series Circuits:

      • Components connected in a single loop, same current, divided voltage.
      • Components related in series.
      • Components connected in parallel.
      • If one component fails in series, the entire circuit fails.

    • Parallel Circuits:

      • Components connected in multiple branches, full voltage for each, divided current.
      • If one component fails in parallel, other components still function.

    • Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance)

    • Circuit Problem Solving: Apply circuit rules for series and parallel, Ohm's Law.

    Chemistry Exam Review

    • Matter: Anything with mass and volume.

    • Pure Substance: Single type of particle (element or compound).

    • Mixture: Multiple substances not chemically bonded (homogeneous or heterogeneous).

    • Element: Pure substance, one type of atom (periodic table).

    • Compound: Two or more elements chemically bonded.

    • Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition throughout.

    • Heterogeneous Mixture: Non-uniform composition (different components visible).

    • Solute: Substance dissolved in a solution.

    • Solvent: Substance doing the dissolving.

    • Sublimation: Solid to gas without liquid phase.

    • Evaporation: Liquid to gas at surface.

    • Condensation: Gas to liquid.

    • Solidification: Liquid to solid.

    • Melting: Solid to liquid.

    • Qualitative: Describes qualities (e.g., color, texture).

    • Quantitative: Describes measurements (e.g., mass, temperature).

    • Viscosity: Liquid's resistance to flow.

    • Solubility: Ability of substance to dissolve in a solvent.

    • Physical Property: Measured without changing composition (color, density).

    • Chemical Property: Describes substance's ability to undergo a chemical change (flammability).

    • Density: Mass per unit volume.

    • Conductivity: Ability to conduct heat or electricity.

    • Malleability: Ability to be hammered into sheets.

    • Lustre: Material’s shine.

    • Transmission of Light: Ability to allow light passage (transparent).

    • Combustibility: Ability to burn.

    • Stability: Ability to remain unchanged over time.

    • Physical Change: Forms altered, composition unchanged.

    • Chemical Change: New substance formed, composition changed.

    • Atom: Smallest unit of an element.

    • Atomic Number: Number of protons.

    • Atomic Mass: Weighted average mass of an element's isotopes.

    • Ion: Charged atom/molecule.

    • Isotope: Atoms of same element with different neutron numbers.

    • Valence Electron: Outermost electron shell, involved in bonding.

    • Period: Horizontal row in periodic table.

    • Group: Vertical column in periodic table, similar properties.

    • Evidence of Chemical Change (5 Signs): Color change, precipitate formation, gas release, heat/light change, irreversibility.

    • Atomic Theories:

      • Dalton: Atoms are indivisible, identical atoms within an element. Atoms combine in ratios to form compounds.
      • Thomson: Plum pudding model, atom has positive sphere with scattered electrons.
      • Rutherford: Nuclear model, small, dense nucleus with orbiting electrons.
      • Bohr: Electrons orbit nucleus in specific energy levels.

    • Protons/Neutrons/Electrons: Proton (positive, nucleus), Neutron (neutral, nucleus), Electron (negative, outside nucleus).

    • Element Chart Info: Element names, symbols, atomic numbers, atomic masses, protons, electrons and neutrons.

    • Bohr Diagrams: Representing atoms and ions.

    • Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids: Properties of each.

    • Group Characteristics: (Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth metals, Halogens, Noble Gases).

    • Most Reactive Elements: (Specific elements from different groups with high reactivity).

    • Ionic/Molecular Compounds: How they form, examples.

    • Compound Naming & Formula Writing: Practice in naming and writing the formulas for different compounds.

    • Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams for Compounds: Illustrate element arrangement in covalent and ionic compounds.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in ecology and chemistry, including ecosystems, energy transfer, and chemical compounds. This quiz covers topics such as niches, trophic levels, and greenhouse gases, providing a comprehensive review of essential scientific principles.

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