36 Questions
Who is credited with founding ecological energetics?
Charles Christopher Adams
Who was the first president of the Republic of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who developed high-yield rice?
Quezon
Who pioneered the food web and biome concept?
Victor Ernest Shelford
What did the 'Pasture Land Act' aim to prevent?
Throwing garbage on rivers
Who founded physiological ecology?
Victor Ernest Shelford
What was established during Sergio Osmena's administration?
Agricultural stations
What was established during the American Era?
All of the above
Who was the Philippine President during World War II?
Jose P. Laurel
Who developed a mathematical population model for predator-prey interaction?
Alfred Lotka
What was Ferdinand Marcos known for in terms of environmental policies?
Issuing Presidential Decrees related to environmental protection
What was established to prevent pollution?
Water and Air Pollution Control Commission
Who is credited with the term 'ecology' and linked it with evolution?
Ernst Haeckel
Who is considered the father of animal ecology?
Charles Elton
What is the concept introduced by Karl Mobius?
Ecological community, biocenosis, and living community
Who pioneered the concept of ecological plant geography?
Eugenius Warming
Who introduced the term 'plankton' and developed quantitative and statistical measures of productivity in the sea?
Victor Hensen
What is the main goal of the Philippine Environmentalism?
To protect and improve the quality of natural environment
Who introduced the concept of holistic ecology?
Jan Christian Smuts
Who ordained the protection of waters in Pampanga, Laguna, and Bulacan?
Governor Jose Raon
What was established under RA no. 4850?
Laguna Lake Development Authority
What was the main purpose of PD no. 600?
To prevent and control marine pollution
What is the main objective of RA 8550?
Protection of the fisheries and aquatic resources
Under whose administration was EO no. 355 issued?
Elpidio Quirino
What is the main purpose of RA 9003?
To implement a garbage segregation scheme
What was renamed under EO no. 131?
Department of Energy
What was established under PD no. 281?
Pasig River Development Council
What is the main purpose of RA 8749?
To implement a clean air act
Which type of soil is commonly found in desert regions and has a prominent clay horizon?
Aridisols
What is a characteristic of Ultisols?
Acidic soils, formed in forest
Which type of soil has excellent fertility?
Mollisols
What is a characteristic of Alfisols?
Forest soil, underlying clay
Which type of soil has variable fertility?
Inceptisols
What is a stage in the ecological succession process?
Predictable and orderly changes in composition of structure
What is a characteristic of Entisols?
Undifferentiated soil
What is the result of ecological succession?
Maximum biomass and symbiotic function per unit of available energy flow
Study Notes
Ecological Theorists and Their Contributions
- Charles Darwin: theory of evolution through natural selection
- Charles Elton: father of animal ecology, pioneered food-web and niche concepts
- Herbert Spencer: early founder of social ecology
- Karl Mobius: first concept of ecological community, biocenosis, and living community
- Ernst Haeckel: coined the term ecology, linked ecology and evolution
- Victor Hensen: term plankton, quantitative and statistical measures of productivity in the sea
- Eugenius Warming: founder of ecological plant geography
- Henry Cowles: founder of ecological succession
- Jan Christian Smuts: holism and evolution
- Arthur Tansley: term ecosystem and notable researchers
- Charles Christopher Adams: founded ecological energetics
- Victor Ernest Shelford: founded physiological ecology, pioneered food web, and biome concept
- Alfred Lotka: mathematical population model, predator-prey interaction
Philippine Environmentalism
- Spanish Regime: Encomendia system, Real hacienda, Galleon trade
- Governor Jose Raon Ordinance no. 57: waters in Pampanga, Laguna, and Bulacan must be protected
- Decree Nov. 26, 1898: prohibitions of killing carabaos
- Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901): First president of the Republic of the Philippines
- American Era: Bureau of Forest, Bureau of Mines, Irrigation Act no. 2652
- Francis Burton Harrison (1916): Irrigation Act no. 2652
- Leonard Wood (1924): stipulating loan to irrigation system
- Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (Quezon 1935-1944): develop high-yield rice
- Diosdado Macapagal: Republic Act 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code)
- Philippine National Assembly Act 383: throwing garbage on rivers for flood prevention
- Republic Act 3571: act of prohibiting cutting trees and plants in plaza, parks, school and public grounds
- Ferdinand Marcos: RD 1151, PD 1152, Philippine Environmental Policy Degree
Soil Types and Characteristics
- Aridisols: prominent clay horizon, good fertility if irrigated, desert regions
- Ultisols: acidic soils, formed in forest, poor fertility, requires fertilizers, humid and tropical regions
- Mollisols: thick, dark organic surface, excellent fertility, grassland
- Alfisols: forest soil, underlying clay, good fertility, temperate humid subhumid
- Inceptisols: horizon development, variable fertility, mountains and young formation
- Entisols: undifferentiated soil, good fertility, mountains and young formation
Ecological Fieldworks and Succession
- Ecological Succession: predictable and orderly changes in composition of structure, fundamental concept in ecology
- Parameters of Ecological Succession: orderly process of community development, results of modification of physical environment, culminates and stabilized ecosystem in which maximum biomass and symbiotic function between organisms are maintained per unit of available energy flow
This quiz reviews the concepts of ecology and biodiversity, covering key figures and theories. It includes questions on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Charles Elton's contributions to animal ecology, and Herbert Spencer's role in social ecology.
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