Ecology and Biodiversity Midterm Reviewer

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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with founding ecological energetics?

Alfred Lotka

Arthur Tansley

Charles Christopher Adams (correct)

Victor Ernest Shelford

Who was the first president of the Republic of the Philippines?

Leonard Wood

Emilio Aguinaldo (correct)

Francis Burton Harrison

Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

Who developed high-yield rice?

Manuel A. Roxas

Jose P. Laurel

Quezon (correct)

Diosdado Macapagal

Who pioneered the food web and biome concept?

Victor Ernest Shelford Signup and view all the answers

What did the 'Pasture Land Act' aim to prevent?

Throwing garbage on rivers Signup and view all the answers

Who founded physiological ecology?

Victor Ernest Shelford Signup and view all the answers

What was established during Sergio Osmena's administration?

Agricultural stations Signup and view all the answers

What was established during the American Era?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Philippine President during World War II?

Jose P. Laurel Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a mathematical population model for predator-prey interaction?

Alfred Lotka Signup and view all the answers

What was Ferdinand Marcos known for in terms of environmental policies?

Issuing Presidential Decrees related to environmental protection Signup and view all the answers

What was established to prevent pollution?

Water and Air Pollution Control Commission Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the term 'ecology' and linked it with evolution?

Ernst Haeckel Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of animal ecology?

Charles Elton Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept introduced by Karl Mobius?

Ecological community, biocenosis, and living community Signup and view all the answers

Who pioneered the concept of ecological plant geography?

Eugenius Warming Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the term 'plankton' and developed quantitative and statistical measures of productivity in the sea?

Victor Hensen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Philippine Environmentalism?

To protect and improve the quality of natural environment Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of holistic ecology?

Jan Christian Smuts Signup and view all the answers

Who ordained the protection of waters in Pampanga, Laguna, and Bulacan?

Governor Jose Raon Signup and view all the answers

What was established under RA no. 4850?

Laguna Lake Development Authority Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of PD no. 600?

To prevent and control marine pollution Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of RA 8550?

Protection of the fisheries and aquatic resources Signup and view all the answers

Under whose administration was EO no. 355 issued?

Elpidio Quirino Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of RA 9003?

To implement a garbage segregation scheme Signup and view all the answers

What was renamed under EO no. 131?

Department of Energy Signup and view all the answers

What was established under PD no. 281?

Pasig River Development Council Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of RA 8749?

To implement a clean air act Signup and view all the answers

Which type of soil is commonly found in desert regions and has a prominent clay horizon?

Aridisols Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Ultisols?

Acidic soils, formed in forest Signup and view all the answers

Which type of soil has excellent fertility?

Mollisols Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Alfisols?

Forest soil, underlying clay Signup and view all the answers

Which type of soil has variable fertility?

Inceptisols Signup and view all the answers

What is a stage in the ecological succession process?

Predictable and orderly changes in composition of structure Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Entisols?

Undifferentiated soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ecological succession?

Maximum biomass and symbiotic function per unit of available energy flow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ecological Theorists and Their Contributions

Charles Darwin: theory of evolution through natural selection
Charles Elton: father of animal ecology, pioneered food-web and niche concepts
Herbert Spencer: early founder of social ecology
Karl Mobius: first concept of ecological community, biocenosis, and living community
Ernst Haeckel: coined the term ecology, linked ecology and evolution
Victor Hensen: term plankton, quantitative and statistical measures of productivity in the sea
Eugenius Warming: founder of ecological plant geography
Henry Cowles: founder of ecological succession
Jan Christian Smuts: holism and evolution
Arthur Tansley: term ecosystem and notable researchers
Charles Christopher Adams: founded ecological energetics
Victor Ernest Shelford: founded physiological ecology, pioneered food web, and biome concept
Alfred Lotka: mathematical population model, predator-prey interaction

Philippine Environmentalism

Spanish Regime: Encomendia system, Real hacienda, Galleon trade
Governor Jose Raon Ordinance no. 57: waters in Pampanga, Laguna, and Bulacan must be protected
Decree Nov. 26, 1898: prohibitions of killing carabaos
Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901): First president of the Republic of the Philippines
American Era: Bureau of Forest, Bureau of Mines, Irrigation Act no. 2652
Francis Burton Harrison (1916): Irrigation Act no. 2652
Leonard Wood (1924): stipulating loan to irrigation system
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (Quezon 1935-1944): develop high-yield rice
Diosdado Macapagal: Republic Act 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code)
Philippine National Assembly Act 383: throwing garbage on rivers for flood prevention
Republic Act 3571: act of prohibiting cutting trees and plants in plaza, parks, school and public grounds
Ferdinand Marcos: RD 1151, PD 1152, Philippine Environmental Policy Degree

Soil Types and Characteristics

Aridisols: prominent clay horizon, good fertility if irrigated, desert regions
Ultisols: acidic soils, formed in forest, poor fertility, requires fertilizers, humid and tropical regions
Mollisols: thick, dark organic surface, excellent fertility, grassland
Alfisols: forest soil, underlying clay, good fertility, temperate humid subhumid
Inceptisols: horizon development, variable fertility, mountains and young formation
Entisols: undifferentiated soil, good fertility, mountains and young formation

Ecological Fieldworks and Succession

Ecological Succession: predictable and orderly changes in composition of structure, fundamental concept in ecology
Parameters of Ecological Succession: orderly process of community development, results of modification of physical environment, culminates and stabilized ecosystem in which maximum biomass and symbiotic function between organisms are maintained per unit of available energy flow

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Description

This quiz reviews the concepts of ecology and biodiversity, covering key figures and theories. It includes questions on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Charles Elton's contributions to animal ecology, and Herbert Spencer's role in social ecology.