Ecological Interactions and Communities Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are biomes?

  • A type of nutrient cycling
  • Specific types of ecosystems (correct)
  • The smallest unit of an ecosystem
  • A measure of trophic efficiency

What are the key concepts in ecosystem ecology?

  • Climate change and ocean acidification
  • Biomes and their interactions with the environment
  • Energy flows and nutrient cycling (correct)
  • Trophic efficiency and decomposers

What is ecology?

  • The study of interactions between species and their prey
  • The study of interactions between species only
  • The study of interactions between species and their predators
  • The study of interactions between species and their environment (correct)

What are the key concepts in ecosystem ecology?

<p>The key concepts in ecosystem ecology are energy flows and nutrient cycling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

<p>They recycle nutrients back to autotrophs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

<p>To recycle nutrients back to autotrophs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is trophic efficiency and how is it measured?

<p>Trophic efficiency refers to the percentage of production transferred between trophic levels. It is measured by dividing the energy or biomass at one trophic level by the energy or biomass at the next trophic level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecological community?

<p>A group of individuals of different species living together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of trophic efficiency?

<p>The percentage of production transferred between trophic levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is trophic efficiency?

<p>The percentage of production transferred between trophic levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of interactions in ecological communities?

<p>Positive and negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do decomposers contribute to nutrient cycling?

<p>Decomposers play an essential role in recycling nutrients back to autotrophs by breaking down dead organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carnivores at the top trophic levels impact ecosystems?

<p>They have consequences for the ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are biomes and how do they relate to ecosystems?

<p>Biomes are broad categories of ecosystems that correspond to geographic areas. They are characterized by similar climate and vegetation patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major negative interactions in ecological communities?

<p>Predation and competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of eutrophication in receiving waters?

<p>Nutrient pollution from human activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do human activities impact the nitrogen cycle?

<p>Human activities such as agriculture and fossil fuel combustion are altering the nitrogen cycle by increasing the amount of reactive nitrogen in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollution?

<p>Biodegradable pollution is linked to nutrient cycling, while non-biodegradable pollution is not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do biodegradable vs non-biodegradable pollutants affect nutrient cycling?

<p>Biodegradable pollutants can be cycled back into the ecosystem, while non-biodegradable pollutants accumulate in organisms' tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of predation on populations?

<p>Negative effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eutrophication?

<p>A problem caused by excess nutrients in receiving waters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of human alteration of the nitrogen cycle?

<p>Agricultural practices and fertilizer use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parasitism?

<p>A negative effect on one species to the benefit of another, but does not result in death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollution?

<p>Biodegradable pollution can be broken down by decomposers and recycled back into the ecosystem, while non-biodegradable pollution persists in the environment and can accumulate over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way in which hippos alter ecosystems?

<p>By transferring nutrients through their waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is competition?

<p>A negative effect on both species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carnivores at the top trophic levels impact ecosystems?

<p>Carnivores at the top trophic levels are rare and have consequences for the ecosystem, as they require a large amount of energy and can affect the populations of their prey and lower trophic levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do chemicals build up in organisms' tissues?

<p>They biomagnify through food webs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ecosystems and biomes?

<p>Ecosystems are defined based on the question being asked, while biomes correspond to geographic areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological niche?

<p>All the environmental conditions and resources that allow the persistence and growth of the species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hippos alter ecosystems?

<p>By transferring nutrients through their waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ecosystems vary in size and how can they be defined?

<p>Ecosystems vary in size and can be defined based on the question being asked. They can range from small microcosms to entire biomes or even the entire planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

  • Ecology is the study of interactions between species and their environment
  • An ecological community is an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough in an environment for potential interactions
  • Interactions can be intraspecific (within a species) or interspecific (between several species) and can be neutral, positive or negative
  • Predation and competition are major negative interactions in communities
  • Predation has effects and implications on population size, behavior, physiology, and evolution
  • Parasitism is a negative effect on one species to the benefit of another, but does not result in death
  • Competition results in negative effects on both species and can lead to resource partitioning or character displacement
  • Competition affects species richness, niches, and traits
  • The ecological niche is all the environmental conditions and resources that allow the persistence and growth of the species.
  • Interactions can evolve to neutralism thanks to resources partitioning or character displacement

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