Ecological Factors Affecting Species Distribution
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Questions and Answers

Match the following physical factors with their effects on species distribution:

Temperature = Effects on biological processes Light = Effects on photosynthesis Wind = Effects on seed dispersal Rocks and Soil = Effects on habitat formation

Match the following factors with their effects on species distribution:

Dispersal = Limiting species distribution Behavior = Influencing habitat selection Predation = Regulating species populations Water = Affecting species distribution

Match the following abiotic factors with their effects on species distribution:

Oxygen = Limiting species distribution Salinity = Affecting species distribution pH = Influencing species distribution Soil nutrients = Affecting species distribution

Match the following biotic factors with their effects on species distribution:

<p>Competition = Regulating species populations Disease = Limiting species distribution Parasitism = Affecting species distribution Predation = Regulating species populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their effects on species distribution:

<p>Habitat selection = Influencing species distribution Inaccessible areas = Limiting species distribution Insufficient time = Limiting species distribution Chemical factors = Affecting species distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their effects on species distribution:

<p>Species absence = Due to insufficient time Species distribution = Limited by habitat selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following population dispersion patterns with their descriptions:

<p>Random = Individuals aggregate in patches Uniform (regular) = It results from interactions among individuals of a population Clumped = Individuals are spaced in a pattern less</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions in population ecology:

<p>Population Size = The number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume Population Density = The number of individuals of a species related to individuals of other species' in a given location Population Abundance = The number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their effects on population dispersion patterns:

<p>Moisture = Can lead to a clumped dispersion pattern Light = Can lead to a uniform dispersion pattern Soil structure = Can lead to a random dispersion pattern Temperature = Can lead to a clumped dispersion pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in Rabinowitz's commonness classification of species:

<p>Commonness = The number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume Rarity = Based on three factors, including abundance, geographical range, and habitat specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their characteristics:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Uses a rope marked at intervals to sample species. Line (Transect) sampling = Samples species within a given distance of the line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological factors with their effects on population ecology:

<p>Physical Fire = Can affect population abundance Moisture = Can affect population density Light = Can affect population size Soil structure = Can affect population dispersion patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their limitations:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Limited by the shape of the sampling unit. Line (Transect) sampling = Not limited by the type of species being sampled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their definitions:

<p>Population Ecology = The study of how animals are dispersed in their environment Population Dispersion Patterns = The pattern of spacing among individuals within the geographic boundaries Population Size = The number of individuals of a species related to individuals of other species' in a given location Population Abundance = The study of population ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in population ecology:

<p>Abundance = The number of individuals of a species in a defined area Density = The number of individuals of a species in a defined area Population Size = The number of individuals of a species related to individuals of other species' in a given location</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their applications:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Sampling understory vegetation in wetlands. Line (Transect) sampling = Sampling animal populations in grasslands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their data collection methods:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Recording presence or absence of species at each marked point. Line (Transect) sampling = Recording all individuals within a given distance of the line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Population Density = The number of individuals of a species in a defined area Population Size = The number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume Population Abundance = The pattern of spacing among individuals within the geographic boundaries Population Dispersion Patterns = The number of individuals of a species related to individuals of other species' in a given location</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their advantages:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Useful for comparing data from different ecosystems. Line (Transect) sampling = Minimizes variation in results due to shape of sampling unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their consideration:

<p>Quadrat sampling = The size of the quadrat affects the results. Line (Transect) sampling = The length of the transect affects the results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their subdivision:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Recording all individuals within a given distance of the quadrat. Line (Transect) sampling = Recording species touching the line at marked points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling techniques with their replication:

<p>Quadrat sampling = Does not require replicate quadrats within the same area. Line (Transect) sampling = Requires replicate transects within the same area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following population dynamics concepts with their definitions:

<p>Immigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another Emigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Stability = Populations that fluctuate greatly due to organism Interaction between predator and prey species Metapopulation = Consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their characteristics:

<p>Metapopulation = Populations that fluctuate greatly due to organism Interaction between predator and prey species Predator-prey relationships = Populations that have regular boom- and bust cycles Migration = Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state Population ecology = Study of populations in terms of their size, density, and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following population dynamics concepts with their examples:

<p>Boom-and-bust cycles = Lynx and snowshoe hare populations Immigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Metapopulation = A group of spatially separated populations of the same species Emigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their definitions:

<p>Migration = Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state Emigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Immigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another Stability = Populations that fluctuate greatly due to organism Interaction between predator and prey species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following population dynamics concepts with their characteristics:

<p>Lynx and snowshoe hare populations = Populations that fluctuate greatly due to organism Interaction between predator and prey species Metapopulation = A group of spatially separated populations of the same species Immigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Emigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their definitions:

<p>Metapopulation = Consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species Population ecology = Study of populations in terms of their size, density, and distribution Predator-prey relationships = Populations that have regular boom- and bust cycles Migration = Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following population dynamics concepts with their characteristics:

<p>Boom-and-bust cycles = Populations that have regular cycles of growth and decline Immigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Emigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another Metapopulation = A group of spatially separated populations of the same species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ecological concepts with their definitions:

<p>Predator-prey relationships = Interaction between predator and prey species that affects population dynamics Metapopulation = Consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species Immigration = Introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population Emigration = Leaving one's native country or region to settle in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>High population growth rate = r-selection Efficient resource use = K-selection Many small offspring = r-selection High parental care and protection = K-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Rapid growth = r-selection Long life = K-selection Early maturity = r-selection Slow growth = K-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Fewer large offspring = K-selection Little parental care or protection = r-selection High investment in individual offspring = K-selection Little investment in individual offspring = r-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Adapted to stable environment = K-selection Adapted to unstable environment = r-selection Pioneers/ colonizers = r-selection Niche specialists = K-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Later stages of succession = K-selection Niche generalists = r-selection Predators = K-selection Prey = r-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Intrinsic regulation = K-selection Regulated by extrinsic factors = r-selection High trophic level = K-selection Low trophic level = r-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Short life = r-selection Long life = K-selection High parental care and protection = K-selection Little parental care or protection = r-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their corresponding selection strategy:

<p>Many small offspring = r-selection Fewer large offspring = K-selection Early maturity = r-selection Late maturity = K-selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Species Distribution

  • Species distribution is influenced by water availability, oxygen, salinity, pH, nutrients, and other factors
  • Physical factors such as temperature, light, wind, rocks, and soil structure also affect species distribution
  • Abiotic factors like fire, moisture, and chemicals can limit species distribution
  • Biotic factors including predation, parasitism, competition, and disease can also impact species distribution

Population Dispersion Patterns

  • Population dispersion patterns refer to the pattern of spacing among individuals within a geographic area
  • There are three main types of population dispersion patterns:
    • Random: unpredictable and lacking a pattern
    • Uniform (regular): resulting from interactions among individuals
    • Clumped: individuals aggregating in patches, the most common in nature

Population Size, Density, and Abundance

  • Population size is the number of individuals of a species in a defined area
  • Population density is the number of individuals per unit of area or volume
  • Population abundance is the number of individuals related to those of other species in a given location or community

Factors Contributing to Commonness and Rarity

  • Rabinowitz devised a commonness classification of species based on three factors:
    • Habitat: the physical environment and its resources
    • Distribution: the geographic range of the species
    • Abundance: the number of individuals in a given area

Sampling Techniques

  • Quadrat sampling: used to sample communities of plant species in various ecosystems, not suitable for large trees or mobile animals
  • Line (transect) sampling technique: involves laying a transect line across the area to be studied, and recording species presence or absence along the line
  • Transect sampling can be conducted using continuous sampling or systematic sampling methods

Stability vs Fluctuation

  • Some populations exhibit regular boom-and-bust cycles due to predator-prey relationships
  • Examples include the lynx and snowshoe hare populations, which fluctuate on a ten-year basis

Immigration and Emigration

  • Immigration: the introduction of new individuals into a habitat or population
  • Emigration: the act of leaving one's native country or region to settle in another, equivalent to immigration from the perspective of the country of origin

Metapopulations

  • A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species, which interact at some level
  • Metapopulations often occur in areas with patchily distributed habitat, separated by unsuitable habitat

r-Selection and K-Selection

  • r-Selection: characteristic of species with high population growth rates, short life, and rapid growth, adapted to unstable environments
  • K-Selection: characteristic of species with efficient resource use, low growth rate, and long life, adapted to stable environments

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Description

This quiz explores the various ecological factors that influence the distribution of species, including water availability, physical factors, and more. Test your knowledge on the importance of temperature, oxygen, salinity, and other factors on species distribution.

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