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Questions and Answers
What is ecological diversity primarily concerned with?
What is ecological diversity primarily concerned with?
- Altitudinal and climatic conditions
- Variations in temperature and humidity
- Number of species in a community (correct)
- Hydro power used in ancient times
What was coal used for in 1000 BC?
What was coal used for in 1000 BC?
- For heating and cooking (correct)
- For powering machineries
- For irrigation purposes
- For medicinal purposes
Who used water energy or hydro power for powering machineries and irrigation?
Who used water energy or hydro power for powering machineries and irrigation?
- Romans and northeastern China
- Native Americans and Greeks
- Ancient Greeks and Romans (correct)
- Northern Native Americans and Romans
What is one of the primary ways society benefits from biodiversity?
What is one of the primary ways society benefits from biodiversity?
In what region was coal used for heating and cooking in 1000 BC?
In what region was coal used for heating and cooking in 1000 BC?
What is the relationship between biodiversity and the global economy?
What is the relationship between biodiversity and the global economy?
What was the primary purpose of ancient Chinese oil wells?
What was the primary purpose of ancient Chinese oil wells?
Who developed the most efficient version of the windmill in the 1590s?
Who developed the most efficient version of the windmill in the 1590s?
What was the outcome of cooking coal in the 1600s?
What was the outcome of cooking coal in the 1600s?
What percentage of the world's energy did coal become by the 1700s?
What percentage of the world's energy did coal become by the 1700s?
What is the relationship between biodiversity and human health?
What is the relationship between biodiversity and human health?
What was the primary use of windmills in Ancient Persia?
What was the primary use of windmills in Ancient Persia?
What was the shape of windmills in Western Europe by 1300?
What was the shape of windmills in Western Europe by 1300?
What was the purpose of ancient windmills in the Middle East?
What was the purpose of ancient windmills in the Middle East?
What was the primary source of light used in the 1820s?
What was the primary source of light used in the 1820s?
What discovery led to the development of electric generators, motors, and relays in the 1830s?
What discovery led to the development of electric generators, motors, and relays in the 1830s?
What was the outcome of commercial oil drilling in the 1850s?
What was the outcome of commercial oil drilling in the 1850s?
Who developed the first solar powered system for industrial machinery in the 1860s?
Who developed the first solar powered system for industrial machinery in the 1860s?
What was the first utilization of geothermal heat for in 1892?
What was the first utilization of geothermal heat for in 1892?
What was the significance of the year 1942 in the context of energy development?
What was the significance of the year 1942 in the context of energy development?
What is the primary concern of utilizing biodiversity in the context of food security?
What is the primary concern of utilizing biodiversity in the context of food security?
What was the impact of coal energy utilization in the 19th and 20th centuries?
What was the impact of coal energy utilization in the 19th and 20th centuries?
What is the primary reason for the decline of forests' resilience to environmental stresses?
What is the primary reason for the decline of forests' resilience to environmental stresses?
What is the earliest recorded use of water resources for?
What is the earliest recorded use of water resources for?
What is the primary purpose of floodways?
What is the primary purpose of floodways?
What is the role of roots and leaves of trees in water resources?
What is the role of roots and leaves of trees in water resources?
What is the definition of a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
What is the definition of a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
What is the role of forests in providing freshwater?
What is the role of forests in providing freshwater?
When did the use of wells for water consumption begin?
When did the use of wells for water consumption begin?
What was the primary purpose of aqueducts built by ancient civilizations?
What was the primary purpose of aqueducts built by ancient civilizations?
What is the main purpose of Chapter 1 of the Philippine Environmental Code?
What is the main purpose of Chapter 1 of the Philippine Environmental Code?
What is a major challenge in the development of nanotechnology?
What is a major challenge in the development of nanotechnology?
What is the main concern related to the inhalation of nanoparticles?
What is the main concern related to the inhalation of nanoparticles?
What is the focus of Chapter 2 of the Philippine Environmental Code?
What is the focus of Chapter 2 of the Philippine Environmental Code?
What is the purpose of establishing protected areas and wildlife sanctuaries?
What is the purpose of establishing protected areas and wildlife sanctuaries?
What is a major concern related to the use of nanotechnology?
What is a major concern related to the use of nanotechnology?
What is the role of the Philippine Environmental Code in managing natural resources?
What is the role of the Philippine Environmental Code in managing natural resources?
Why are products made with nanotechnology more expensive?
Why are products made with nanotechnology more expensive?
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Study Notes
Ecological Diversity
- Ecological diversity refers to the number of species in a community
- It also includes variations of climatic and altitudinal conditions, ecological habitats, and biodiversity
Biodiversity and Society
- Biodiversity drives the global economy and supplies almost all of society's needs
- Historical uses of energy sources:
- 1000 BC: Coal used for heating and cooking in northeastern China
- 400 BC: Water energy used for powering machineries and irrigation by the Ancient Greeks and Romans
- 347 AD: China uses oil wells with extensive bamboo pipelines for lighting and heating
- 1000: Persia uses first windmills to pump water and grind grain
- 1300: Windmills begin to form modern pinwheel shape in Western Europe
- 1590s: The Dutch develop the most efficient version of the windmill for navigation
- 1600s: Coal and the British discover that cooking coal transforms it into hot-burning coal
- 1700s: Coal replaces other energy sources and becomes the primary source of energy around the world
- 1820s: Natural gas used as a source of light
- 1830s: Electric generator, motor, and relay developed based on Michael Faraday's discovery of electromagnetism
- 1850s: Commercial oil drilling and distillation of kerosene from petroleum
- 1860s: Augustine Mouchot develops the first solar-powered system for industrial machinery
- 1892: First utilization of geothermal heat to power
- 1942: First nuclear fission reactor designed and built
Health and Medicine
- Biodiversity underpins nature's contributions to people and provides ecosystem goods and services essential to human health and well-being
- Biodiversity is integral to key development sectors that modulate health outcomes directly or indirectly, such as pharmacy, biochemistry, agriculture, or tourism
Food and Nutrition
- Biodiversity contributes directly to food security, nutrition, and well-being by providing a variety of plant and animal sources from domesticated and wild sources
- Habitat loss, fragmentation, edge effect, noise and light pollution, invasive species, carbon storage, and sequestration threaten biodiversity
Water Resources
- Earliest recorded civilization situated near bodies of rivers or lakes, which marks the earliest record of water consumption
- Well drilling began 7000 years ago in the Middle East (Israel) for potable and drinkable water
- Rivers and lakes are used for irrigation of crops
- Floodways are used to prevent flooding of nearby communities and damage of crops
- Aqueducts were invented and built by later civilizations, such as the Romans and Greeks, to deliver reliable water supply
- Mixed forests and biodiversity play a crucial role in water resources, providing natural filtration and storage systems
Environmental Laws and Jurisprudence in the Philippines
- P.D.#1152 – Philippine Environmental Code
- Chapter 1 – Fisheries and Aquatic Resources: aims to protect and conserve the country's fisheries and aquatic resources
- Chapter 2 – Wildlife: focuses on the protection and conservation of wildlife in the Philippines, regulating trade and transport of wildlife and their by-products, and establishing and managing wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas
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