Ecological Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the main drivers of community change?

  • Abiotic drivers only
  • None of the above
  • Both abiotic and biotic drivers (correct)
  • Biotic drivers only

    • Which of the following is a positive interaction in a community?

  • Predation
  • Mutualism (correct)
  • Parasitism
  • Competition

    • What is the difference between direct and indirect competition?

  • Direct competition involves individuals reducing exploitation efficiency of another, while indirect competition involves populations depressing one another through shared resources. (correct)
  • Direct competition involves individuals consuming the same resources, while indirect competition involves populations sharing resources.
  • Direct competition involves individuals fighting for resources, while indirect competition involves populations cooperating for resources.
  • Direct competition involves individuals ignoring each other, while indirect competition involves populations competing for resources.

    • What is parasitism?

    <p>A predator living in symbiosis with its prey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the type of parasites a host may have?

    <p>Abiotic and biotic environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are positive interactions?

    <p>Interactions where both species benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

    <p>Primary succession is colonization of lifeless habitats, while secondary succession is reestablishment after destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the types of parasites that can infect a host?

    <p>Biotic and abiotic environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots called?

    <p>Mycorrhizae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three ways to describe community structure?

    <p>Diversity, richness, and evenness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parasites complete their lifecycle and transmission to the next host?

    <p>By manipulating host behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parasites manipulate host behavior?

    <p>By altering the host's brain chemistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mycorrhizae?

    <p>Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were some early researchers in successional studies?

    <p>Cowles, Clements, and Gleason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three models of successional mechanisms?

    <p>Facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habitat mutualism?

    <p>Interactions where one species benefits from the other's habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of species that have large effects on communities?

    <p>Keystone species, foundation species, and ecosystem engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defenses do hosts have against parasites?

    <p>Immune system, biochemical defenses, and defensive symbionts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defenses do hosts have against parasites?

    <p>Immune system, biochemical defenses, and defensive symbionts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parasites evade and tolerate hosts?

    <p>By hiding from the host's immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanisms do parasites have for host evasion and tolerance?

    <p>They can alter their gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of competition depends on limiting resources in both above-ground and below-ground environments?

    <p>Interspecific competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between obligate and facultative mutualism?

    <p>Obligate mutualism is essential for survival, while facultative mutualism is not required for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount and speed of community change?

    <p>Both severity and frequency of disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can parasites affect host population growth rate?

    <p>By decreasing the host population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are community subsets?

    <p>Shared evolutionary lineages, guilds, and functional groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some areas tested for successional models?

    <p>Glacier Bay and salt marshes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for interactive species that occur together in the same place?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some important factors in successional models?

    <p>Facilitation, inhibition, and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is competition?

    <p>The interaction between individuals or populations of the same or different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when multiple species occupy the same niche in multidimensional niche space?

    <p>Coexistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between interaction webs and food webs?

    <p>Interaction webs include all factors lacking in food webs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of species interactions?

    <p>Direct and indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hysteresis?

    <p>The phenomenon where a community can have multiple stable states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four components of community structure?

    <p>Species richness, evenness, diversity, and composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the niche refer to?

    <p>The environmental conditions that meet the abiotic and biotic requirements of a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are positive interactions?

    <p>Mutualism, commensalism, and various types of benefit such as food, shelter, and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a keystone species?

    <p>A species that has a large effect on its community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inhibition in successional models?

    <p>When one species prevents another species from establishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance?

    <p>Keystone species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biodiversity encompass?

    <p>Diversity at all scales and its interconnectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can community structure be described?

    <p>Species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, and interactions between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a foundation species?

    <p>A species that provides the physical structure for its community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tolerance in successional models?

    <p>When multiple species can establish and coexist in the same area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is facilitation in successional models?

    <p>When one species helps another species establish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ecosystem engineers?

    <p>Species that modify their physical environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is succession affected by biotic and abiotic factors?

    <p>Yes, both biotic and abiotic factors affect succession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    1. Parasitism involves a predator (parasite) living in symbiosis with its prey (host).
    2. Hosts may have different parasites that depend on various factors such as abiotic and biotic environments.
    3. Parasites can manipulate host behavior to complete their lifecycle and transmission to the next host.
    4. Hosts have various defenses against parasites, such as immune system, biochemical defenses, and defensive symbionts.
    5. Parasites have mechanisms for host evasion and tolerance.
    6. Parasites can affect host population growth rate, range, abundance, and community interactions.
    7. Competition occurs between individuals or populations of the same or different species, affecting their survival, growth, or reproduction.
    8. The niche refers to the environmental conditions that meet the abiotic and biotic requirements of a species.
    9. Positive interactions include mutualism, commensalism, and various types of benefit such as food, shelter, and protection.
    10. Community structure can be described by species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, and interactions between species.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of ecological concepts with our quiz! From parasitism and competition to positive interactions and community structure, this quiz covers a wide range of topics. You'll learn about the intricacies of predator-prey relationships, host defenses against parasites, and the environmental conditions that support different species. Whether you're a student or a nature enthusiast, this quiz is perfect for anyone interested in understanding the complex interactions between organisms and their environment. Can you ace this ecological challenge?

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