Eco-Physiology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason insects undergo diapause?

  • To grow larger
  • To monitor environmental cues (correct)
  • To increase metabolic rate
  • To reproduce rapidly
  • What physiological characteristic differs between hibernating mammals and reptiles?

  • Mammals can survive without energy stores
  • Mammals do not allow body temperatures to follow environmental temperatures (correct)
  • Reptiles maintain a constant high metabolic rate
  • Reptiles undergo complete lethargy during hibernation
  • Which concept suggests that not all traits are adaptations to current conditions?

  • Exaptation
  • Phylogenetic inertia (correct)
  • Neo-Darwinian synthesis
  • Common descent
  • What is suggested by the phrase 'traits should be adequate and sufficient'?

    <p>Not all traits arise from current selective pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does energy storage play in hibernation for amphibians and reptiles?

    <p>It ensures survival during periods of starvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of eco-physiology?

    <p>Studying how physiological controls affect ecological phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

    <p>The process of maintaining internal constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phenotypic plasticity refer to?

    <p>The ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes based on environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do conformers manage variations in their environment?

    <p>By allowing their internal conditions to adjust according to external conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological process primarily governs molecular interactions?

    <p>Chemical laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about body size is TRUE in relation to physiological processes?

    <p>Larger body sizes enhance allometric scaling effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of environmental factors on physiological processes?

    <p>They interact with genotypes to shape phenotypic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy do organism use to cope with extreme temperatures?

    <p>Direct absorption of heat energy from external sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external environmental changes?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of phenotypic plasticity is characterized by changes that cannot be reversed?

    <p>Polyphenism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question is considered a proximate cause in physiology?

    <p>How do animals adapt to their environment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of zebra stripes, what hypothesis suggests that stripes provide a cooling effect?

    <p>Thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the distribution patterns of species under environmental stress?

    <p>Critical tolerance limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acclimatization differ from acclimation?

    <p>Acclimation is typically reversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the breadth of optimal environments for a species?

    <p>Physiological adaptation and energetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do performance curves represent in relation to an organism's critical limits?

    <p>Variation in fitness between environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when constructing performance curves?

    <p>Genetic modification of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the medium affect heat exchange in ectotherms?

    <p>Water conducts heat faster than air or land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of temperature control do ectotherms primarily rely on?

    <p>Behavioral thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes thermal neutral zones (TNZ)?

    <p>Metabolism is constant and minimized within TNZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zone of overlap in rocky intertidal zones suggests what interaction between species?

    <p>Competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the shape of performance curves across different abiotic factors?

    <p>Mechanisms defining shape may differ among abiotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms primarily includes poikilotherms?

    <p>Reptiles and amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Eco-Physiology

    • Eco-physiology, or physiological ecology, studies how physiological systems adapt for survival and reproduction in specific environments.
    • Evolutionary physiology focuses on the development of these physiological controls over time.

    Physiological Processes

    • Governed by physical and chemical laws affecting structure and function.
    • Homeostasis maintains internal consistency despite external changes.

    Genotype and Phenotype

    • Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype encompasses morphological, physiological, and behavioral expressions.
    • Phenotypic plasticity allows a single genotype to result in multiple phenotypic outcomes based on environmental conditions.

    Adaptation Mechanisms

    • Conformers adjust internal conditions to match external ones, using strategies like basking in the sun or burrowing.
    • Regulators maintain stable internal conditions regardless of external environments through feedback loops.

    Phenotypic Plasticity

    • Can be reversible (acclimation, acclimatization) or irreversible (polyphenism).
    • Influences an organism's adaptability to various environmental factors.

    Physiological Diversity

    • Explores various animal forms and strategies to cope with diverse environments.
    • Proximate causes explain mechanisms (how), while ultimate causes explore evolutionary reasons (why).

    Competition and Species Distribution

    • Biotic and abiotic factors shape species distribution and optimal environmental ranges.
    • Tolerance limits dictate survival, influencing community structures and responses to environmental changes.

    Performance Curves

    • Represent the relationship between environmental conditions and physiological performance.
    • Shape indicates how species react to changes in factors like temperature.

    Temperature Regulation Strategies

    • Ectotherms and endotherms utilize different mechanisms for thermoregulation.
    • Behavioural thermoregulation helps ectotherms adjust heat absorption and loss, influenced by surrounding medium (air, land, water).

    Cold Adaptation Mechanisms

    • Strategies include migration, diapause (in insects), and hibernation for thermoregulation in cold conditions.
    • Metabolic rates decrease during diapause, allowing insects to store energy based on environmental cues.

    Evolutionary Context

    • Adaptive traits arise from natural selection, but not all characteristics are direct adaptations to current conditions.
    • Concepts like phylogenetic inertia and exaptation explain traits maintained by selection but not necessarily advantageous under present conditions.

    Relevance in Ecology

    • Understanding eco-physiology assists in predicting species responses to environmental shifts, crucial in conservation efforts and ecological modeling.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of eco-physiology, the study of how living organisms adapt their physiological systems for survival in various environments. This quiz covers fundamental concepts such as genotype and phenotype, adaptation mechanisms, and the importance of homeostasis in physiological processes.

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