Echinoderms Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

ossicles = tiny calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall madreporite = porous stone pore opening to water vascular system pedicellariae = jaw-like pincers which respond to touch, food and other stimuli or keep the outer surface clean ring canal = water vascular canal which surrounds oesophagus

stone canal = water vascular canal connecting madreporite to ring canal radial canal = water vascular canal radiating from ring & bear tube feet Tiedmann's bodies = produce coelomic amebocytes (corpuscles) to destroy waste, bacteria Polian vesicles = store excess water

ampulla = store water to effect movement or extension of tube feet tube feet = tube-like hydraulic projections as part of the water-vascular system used for locomotion water vascular system = hydraulic circulatory system which operates the tube feet and facilitates respiration ambulacral groove = linear depression over the radial canals in which tube feet may be located.may be open (only covered by epidermis rather than dermis and ossicles) or closed.

<p>Notochord = Rod-shaped mid-dorsal rod of mesodermal cells enclosed in fibrous sheath which bends without shortening to support the body and anchor muscles Endostyle = Endodermal structure which secretes mucus which traps food brought into the pharyngeal cavity Post anal tail = Muscular appendage after the anus for locomotion and balance Proboscis = Anterior extensible tubular structure used to secrete mucus and probe for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cephalization = The mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the front end of an animal, producing a head region Dentine = Hard calcareous tissue (harder than bone) Integument = Outer protective area (skin) Eustachian tube = Canal from middle ear to nasopharynx which equalizes pressure between middle ear and outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal gill slits = Openings in the pharynx for filter feeding and that become gill arches Occipital condyle = Point at which vertebral column is attached to the skull Pectoral girdle = Appendicular skeleton which connects to the forelimb Epidermis = The surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chordata = Animalia with notochord at some stage of development Hemichordata = Echinoderms with tentacle-like structures surrounding the buccal cavity Urochordata = Echinoderms/ Asteroidea Cephalochordata = Echinoderms/ Ophiuroidea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fissiparity = Animal actively divides and re-grows each part of the body Tetrapod = Having 4 limbs Pelvic girdle = Appendicular skeleton which connects to the hind limb Bone = Connective tissue consisting of osteocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen and inorganic minerals and has a blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cartilage = Connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen Muscles = Structure of ossicles, teeth, and muscles which scrapes food Tunic = Outer covering serving as exoskeleton Dermis = The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers