ECG Normal Sinus Rhythm
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal heart rate in beats per minute?

  • 100-120
  • 120-140
  • 40-60
  • 60-100 (correct)

What is the duration of a normal PR interval?

  • 0.20-0.25 second
  • 0.05-0.10 second
  • 0.12-0.20 second (correct)
  • 0.10-0.15 second

What is the term used to describe an abnormal heart rhythm?

  • Tachycardia
  • Dysrhythmia
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Arrhythmia (correct)

What is the primary cause of sinus block?

<p>Ischemia of the SA node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of arrhythmias?

<p>Myocardial ischemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be treated in a patient with an arrhythmia?

<p>The patient and their symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the P waves in a sinus block?

<p>Upright and normal in morphology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for an asymptomatic patient with sinus block?

<p>Observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of cardiac electrical activity?

<p>Arrhythmia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between sinus pause and sinus arrest?

<p>Sinus pause is a single missed beat, while sinus arrest is multiple missed beats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of frequent or prolonged episodes of sinus block?

<p>It can compromise cardiac output, resulting in syncope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sick sinus syndrome characterized by?

<p>Wild swings in the heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pacemaker site in sick sinus syndrome?

<p>SA node (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal PR interval in sick sinus syndrome?

<p>Normal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for sinus pause or sinus block if atropine fails?

<p>Transcutaneous pacing or a catecholamine infusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the danger of complete cessation of SA node activity?

<p>Cardiac standstill (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when the SA node activity ceases completely?

<p>Cardiac standstill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when treating a patient with cardiac arrhythmias?

<p>The patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a patient with signs of poor perfusion due to SA node dysfunction?

<p>Transcutaneous pacing or catecholamine infusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal direction of depolarization impulse transmission through the conductive system and myocardium?

<p>Antegrade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a wandering atrial pacemaker in terms of pacemaker site?

<p>Varies among the SA node, atrial tissue, and the AV junction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of enhanced automaticity in the heart?

<p>Ectopic beats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heart cell that is not a pacemaker cell?

<p>Ectopic focus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a wandering atrial pacemaker?

<p>It usually has no detrimental effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of arrhythmia is characterized by a rapid heart rate?

<p>Tachyarrhythmia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)?

<p>A wandering pacemaker rhythm with a rate more than 100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common underlying condition in patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia?

<p>Pulmonary disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the classification of arrhythmias based on the site of origin?

<p>Site of origin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of premature atrial contractions (PACs) in terms of P wave morphology?

<p>Different P wave morphology for each beat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a slowing of the SA node?

<p>Sinus bradycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of a noncompensatory pause in the underlying rhythm in PACs?

<p>Depolarization of the atrial syncytium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal heart rate range for sinus bradycardia?

<p>Less than 60 beats per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia?

<p>Underlying medical disease treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for sinus bradycardia?

<p>No treatment unless signs of poor perfusion are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multifocal atrial tachycardia?

<p>It is a sign of a serious underlying medical illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering atropine sulfate in sinus bradycardia?

<p>To increase the heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of sinus tachycardia?

<p>Increased rate of SA node discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for decreased stroke volume?

<p>Sinus tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual rate of sinus arrhythmia?

<p>60-100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of sinus arrest?

<p>Ischemia of the SA node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the RR interval following a sinus arrest?

<p>It varies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for asymptomatic sinus arrest?

<p>Only observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pause in sinus block?

<p>It is a multiple of the previous RR interval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal variant, particularly in young and elderly people?

<p>Sinus arrhythmia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of very rapid heart rates in diseased hearts?

<p>Increased myocardial oxygen demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical significance of sinus tachycardia?

<p>It is a compensatory mechanism for decreased stroke volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step if the patient does not convert after 1 to 2 minutes of administering adenosine?

<p>Administer a second bolus of 12 mg over 1 to 3 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to determine whether the arrhythmia is narrow-complex or wide-complex tachycardia?

<p>Because the treatments are considerably different for the two arrhythmias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of looking at lead II or VI in ECG?

<p>To determine whether the arrhythmia is narrow-complex or wide-complex tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for DC countershock?

<p>If you suspect digitalis toxicity as the cause of the PSVT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy level of the initial synchronized direct current countershock?

<p>50 to 100 joules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if the patient becomes unstable with a heart rate of more than 150 beats per minute?

<p>Proceed with synchronized cardioversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the P wave in a PAC?

<p>It occurs earlier than the next expected P wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia on cardiac output?

<p>It decreases cardiac output due to inadequate ventricular filling time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PR interval of an ectopic focus near the AV node?

<p>Less than 0.12 second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of frequent PACs?

<p>They can indicate organic heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the QRS complex in a PAC?

<p>It can be more than 0.12 second if the PAC is abnormally conducted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vagal maneuvers on PSVT?

<p>They slow the heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

<p>150-250 beats per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the P wave in PSVT?

<p>It is buried in the preceding T wave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for asymptomatic PACs?

<p>Only observation is required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of PSVT in young patients with good cardiac reserves?

<p>They can tolerate PSVT well for short periods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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