Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following can cause an increase in preload?
Which of the following can cause an increase in preload?
What is NYHA III heart failure characterized by?
What is NYHA III heart failure characterized by?
What is the composition of an atherosclerotic plaque?
What is the composition of an atherosclerotic plaque?
What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
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Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in anterior leads (V1-V5) in patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in anterior leads (V1-V5) in patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
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What is the correct indication for surgery in patients with IE?
What is the correct indication for surgery in patients with IE?
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What is the ESC classification for heart failure with EF>50%?
What is the ESC classification for heart failure with EF>50%?
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What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
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What is the correct treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute coronary diseases?
What is the correct treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute coronary diseases?
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What is the most common cause of ST segment elevation?
What is the most common cause of ST segment elevation?
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What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?
What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?
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What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with pneumonia?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with pneumonia?
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What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?
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What is the most common cause of tuberculosis worldwide?
What is the most common cause of tuberculosis worldwide?
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According to the ESC classification of heart failure, what is the criteria for diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
According to the ESC classification of heart failure, what is the criteria for diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
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What is a potential cause of heart failure?
What is a potential cause of heart failure?
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What is a normal finding in adults older than 40 years during heart failure murmurs during auscultation?
What is a normal finding in adults older than 40 years during heart failure murmurs during auscultation?
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What increases the possibility of a heart failure diagnosis during clinical history?
What increases the possibility of a heart failure diagnosis during clinical history?
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What are the possible causes of coffee ground emesis and melena?
What are the possible causes of coffee ground emesis and melena?
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What is the most likely cause of severe constipation in a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation and inflamed hemorrhoids?
What is the most likely cause of severe constipation in a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation and inflamed hemorrhoids?
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What is a possible cause of systolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with chest pain symptoms?
What is a possible cause of systolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with chest pain symptoms?
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What can cause diastolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with dyspnea?
What can cause diastolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with dyspnea?
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What is the most likely complication for a patient receiving chronic anticoagulant therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain?
What is the most likely complication for a patient receiving chronic anticoagulant therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain?
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What is the most possible complication for a patient hospitalized for severe anemia who presents heavy prolonged diarrhea and vomiting?
What is the most possible complication for a patient hospitalized for severe anemia who presents heavy prolonged diarrhea and vomiting?
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What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with oliguria, high white blood cells, and possible hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with oliguria, high white blood cells, and possible hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells?
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What does an ejection fraction of 45% suggest during an echocardiography exam?
What does an ejection fraction of 45% suggest during an echocardiography exam?
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What is the most likely cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in a 68-year-old man with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion?
What is the most likely cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in a 68-year-old man with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion?
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What is the most common cause of ST-segment elevation?
What is the most common cause of ST-segment elevation?
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Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in inferior leads (II,III,aVf) in patients presented with Acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in inferior leads (II,III,aVf) in patients presented with Acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
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What is the most likely cause of a 5-year-old girl's symptoms of epistaxis, fever, multiple cutaneous petechiae, palpable splenomegaly, and low cell counts with a preponderance of lymphoblasts?
What is the most likely cause of a 5-year-old girl's symptoms of epistaxis, fever, multiple cutaneous petechiae, palpable splenomegaly, and low cell counts with a preponderance of lymphoblasts?
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What is the likely cause of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dyspnea in the 50-year-old woman mentioned in the text?
What is the likely cause of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dyspnea in the 50-year-old woman mentioned in the text?
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What is the characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome?
What is the characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome?
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What is the characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy?
What is the characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy?
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What is the characteristic feature of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis?
What is the characteristic feature of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis?
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Study Notes
Cardiology
- Increased preload can be caused by excessive fluid intake, excessive sodium intake, and kidney disease.
- NYHA III heart failure is characterized by marked limitation of physical activity.
- An atherosclerotic plaque is composed of a lipid core, fibrous cap, and inflammatory cells.
- The most common symptom and sign in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is fever.
- The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in anterior leads (V1-V5) in patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI.
- The correct indication for surgery in patients with IE is heart failure, embolization, or persistent bacteremia.
- The ESC classification for heart failure with EF > 50% is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
- The most common symptom and sign in patients with IE is fever.
- The correct treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute coronary diseases is dual antiplatelet therapy.
- The most common cause of ST segment elevation is myocardial infarction.
- Risk factors for coronary artery disease include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and family history.
Pulmonology
- The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- A symptom not typically associated with pneumonia is abdominal pain.
- The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- The most common cause of tuberculosis worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Heart Failure
- The ESC classification of heart failure defines heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as EF < 40%.
- A potential cause of heart failure is hypertension.
- A normal finding in adults older than 40 years during heart failure murmurs during auscultation is S3 gallop.
- Increased shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema during clinical history increase the possibility of a heart failure diagnosis.
Gastroenterology
- Possible causes of coffee ground emesis and melena include peptic ulcer, esophageal varices, and gastritis.
- The most likely cause of severe constipation in a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation and inflamed hemorrhoids is a side effect of medication.
Hematology
- The most likely cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in a 68-year-old man with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion is iron deficiency.
Miscellaneous
- An ejection fraction of 45% suggests systolic dysfunction during an echocardiography exam.
- The most likely complication for a patient receiving chronic anticoagulant therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain is gastrointestinal bleeding.
- The most possible complication for a patient hospitalized for severe anemia who presents heavy prolonged diarrhea and vomiting is dehydration.
- The most likely diagnosis for a patient with oliguria, high white blood cells, and possible hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells is acute kidney injury.
- The most likely cause of a 5-year-old girl's symptoms of epistaxis, fever, multiple cutaneous petechiae, palpable splenomegaly, and low cell counts with a preponderance of lymphoblasts is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- The likely cause of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dyspnea in a 50-year-old woman is pulmonary embolism.
- The characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome is massive proteinuria.
- The characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy is thickening of the glomerular basement membrane.
- The characteristic feature of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis is mesangial proliferation and basement membrane thickening.
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Description
Test your ECG interpretation skills with this quiz! Can you identify the specific disease or condition present in each ECG reading? From ST segment elevation to atrial flutter, challenge yourself to recognize the patterns and make the correct diagnosis. Perfect for medical students, healthcare professionals, or anyone interested in cardiology.
