Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Which of the following can cause an increase in preload?
What is NYHA III heart failure characterized by?
What is the composition of an atherosclerotic plaque?
What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
Signup and view all the answers
Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in anterior leads (V1-V5) in patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct indication for surgery in patients with IE?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ESC classification for heart failure with EF>50%?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common symptom and sign in patients with IE?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute coronary diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of ST segment elevation?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with pneumonia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of tuberculosis worldwide?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the ESC classification of heart failure, what is the criteria for diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential cause of heart failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a normal finding in adults older than 40 years during heart failure murmurs during auscultation?
Signup and view all the answers
What increases the possibility of a heart failure diagnosis during clinical history?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the possible causes of coffee ground emesis and melena?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely cause of severe constipation in a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation and inflamed hemorrhoids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a possible cause of systolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with chest pain symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What can cause diastolic dysfunction revealed by echocardiography in a patient with dyspnea?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely complication for a patient receiving chronic anticoagulant therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most possible complication for a patient hospitalized for severe anemia who presents heavy prolonged diarrhea and vomiting?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with oliguria, high white blood cells, and possible hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What does an ejection fraction of 45% suggest during an echocardiography exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in a 68-year-old man with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of ST-segment elevation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in inferior leads (II,III,aVf) in patients presented with Acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely cause of a 5-year-old girl's symptoms of epistaxis, fever, multiple cutaneous petechiae, palpable splenomegaly, and low cell counts with a preponderance of lymphoblasts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the likely cause of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dyspnea in the 50-year-old woman mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic feature of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cardiology
- Increased preload can be caused by excessive fluid intake, excessive sodium intake, and kidney disease.
- NYHA III heart failure is characterized by marked limitation of physical activity.
- An atherosclerotic plaque is composed of a lipid core, fibrous cap, and inflammatory cells.
- The most common symptom and sign in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is fever.
- The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery is most often responsible for ST-elevation in anterior leads (V1-V5) in patients with acute coronary syndromes, especially with STEMI.
- The correct indication for surgery in patients with IE is heart failure, embolization, or persistent bacteremia.
- The ESC classification for heart failure with EF > 50% is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
- The most common symptom and sign in patients with IE is fever.
- The correct treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute coronary diseases is dual antiplatelet therapy.
- The most common cause of ST segment elevation is myocardial infarction.
- Risk factors for coronary artery disease include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and family history.
Pulmonology
- The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- A symptom not typically associated with pneumonia is abdominal pain.
- The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- The most common cause of tuberculosis worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Heart Failure
- The ESC classification of heart failure defines heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as EF < 40%.
- A potential cause of heart failure is hypertension.
- A normal finding in adults older than 40 years during heart failure murmurs during auscultation is S3 gallop.
- Increased shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema during clinical history increase the possibility of a heart failure diagnosis.
Gastroenterology
- Possible causes of coffee ground emesis and melena include peptic ulcer, esophageal varices, and gastritis.
- The most likely cause of severe constipation in a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation and inflamed hemorrhoids is a side effect of medication.
Hematology
- The most likely cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in a 68-year-old man with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion is iron deficiency.
Miscellaneous
- An ejection fraction of 45% suggests systolic dysfunction during an echocardiography exam.
- The most likely complication for a patient receiving chronic anticoagulant therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain is gastrointestinal bleeding.
- The most possible complication for a patient hospitalized for severe anemia who presents heavy prolonged diarrhea and vomiting is dehydration.
- The most likely diagnosis for a patient with oliguria, high white blood cells, and possible hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells is acute kidney injury.
- The most likely cause of a 5-year-old girl's symptoms of epistaxis, fever, multiple cutaneous petechiae, palpable splenomegaly, and low cell counts with a preponderance of lymphoblasts is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- The likely cause of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dyspnea in a 50-year-old woman is pulmonary embolism.
- The characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome is massive proteinuria.
- The characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy is thickening of the glomerular basement membrane.
- The characteristic feature of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis is mesangial proliferation and basement membrane thickening.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your ECG interpretation skills with this quiz! Can you identify the specific disease or condition present in each ECG reading? From ST segment elevation to atrial flutter, challenge yourself to recognize the patterns and make the correct diagnosis. Perfect for medical students, healthcare professionals, or anyone interested in cardiology.
