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Questions and Answers
What does an ECG primarily measure?
The ECG can provide information about the heart rate and rhythm.
True
Name one condition that an ECG can help to identify.
hypertension or myocardial infarction
During __________, the AV valves open allowing blood to fill the ventricles.
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Match the following heart components with their functions:
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What is the primary purpose of the Electrocardiogram (ECG)?
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The resting ECG is the same as a stress or exercise ECG.
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What happens to the semilunar valves during diastole?
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What occurs during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle?
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The semilunar valves are always open during the systole phase.
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What role do the AV valves play during isovolumic contraction?
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The ______ phase involves passive ventricular filling.
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What is the function of the neutral electrode in an ECG setup?
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Match the ECG electrodes with their respective locations:
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In the cardiac cycle, the AV valves remain closed during the ventricular diastole.
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What happens during the isovolumic relaxation phase?
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Where is electrode V1 placed?
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Lead II measures electrical activity from the right arm to the left leg.
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What happens if the SA node or the intermodal pathways are damaged?
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Electrode V4 is placed in the _____ intercostal space in the nipple line.
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Match the following leads with their placement:
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Which statement best describes a junctional rhythm?
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ST changes during a 3-4 channel ECG are sufficient for determining anterior wall ST elevation.
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What is heart block?
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Study Notes
ECG Basics
- An ECG represents the electrical activity produced by millions of cardiomyocytes.
- Each cardiomyocyte has an action potential.
- The conduction system of the heart involves the SA node, intermodal fibers, AV node, and the bundle of His, which distribute the action potentials throughout the heart.
The Different ECG Waves
- ECG waves represent the electrical activity during each phase of the cardiac cycle, including depolarization and repolarization.
ECG Uses
- ECGs record the electrical activity of the heart at rest to provide information about heart rate, rhythm, and potential enlargement.
Bipolar Leads
- Three-channel ECGs use three or four electrodes.
- These leads provide enough information for rhythm monitoring, but not for detecting ST elevation.
ECG Electrodes
- Ten electrodes are used for a full ECG: four extremity electrodes (LA, RA, N, F) and six chest electrodes (V1-V6).
Heart Rhythm Problems
- Conduction deficits can occur due to damage to the conducting pathways, disrupting normal rhythm.
- If the SA node or intermodal pathways are damaged, the AV node takes over, leading to a slower heart rate.
- Damage to the AV node partially or completely releasing the ventricles from SA node control can result in heart block, where ventricles beat at a slower rate.
Heart Block Types
- Second-degree heart block indicates partial block of the AV node, where some SA node impulses are conducted to the ventricles.
- Ventricular fibrillation is a chaotic rhythm where ventricles contract rapidly and ineffectively, disrupting the heart's pumping action.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of ECG, including the electrical activity of the heart, the different ECG waves, and their uses. Additionally, it explores bipolar leads, electrode placement, and potential heart rhythm problems. Test your understanding of these critical concepts in cardiology.
