ECG Basics and Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does ECG stand for?

  • Electrical Current Generator
  • Electrocardiac Graph
  • Electrocardiogram (correct)
  • Electrochemical Gene

What is the normal speed at which an ECG machine records heart beats over time?

  • 50mm/s
  • 5mm/s
  • 25mm/s (correct)
  • 10mm/s

What should be checked when having an ECG?

  • Date/time, patient's name, sex, ID (correct)
  • Blood sugar level and oxygen saturation
  • Temperature and respiratory rate
  • Blood pressure and cholesterol level

What does the voltage represent in an ECG?

<p>Height and depth of the waves that represent the heart's electrical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard speed calibration for a properly calibrated ECG machine?

<p>$1mV signal produces a 10mm deflection$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal PR interval in an ECG when set at normal standardization?

<p>$0.12-0.20 seconds &lt; 1 big square$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration of the P wave in an ECG?

<p>0.12 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a prolonged QT interval at slower heart rate?

<p>Hypomagnesemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hyperacute T wave indicate in an ECG?

<p>ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is left axis deviation determined in an ECG?

<p>Lead I is positive and leads II &amp; III are negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ST depression of more than 0.5mm indicate in an ECG?

<p>Ischaemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a biphasic T wave or flattened T wave indicate in an ECG?

<p>$K^+$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lead is used to determine the midclavicular line in an ECG?

<p>V4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a peaked T wave indicate in an ECG?

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal amplitude of ST-elevation in an ECG?

<p>&gt; 1 mm (0.1 mV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration of the ST segment in an ECG?

<p>0.16 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the PR interval in an ECG when set at normal standardization?

<p>0.12 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with a prolonged QT interval at slower heart rate?

<p>Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is left axis deviation determined in an ECG?

<p>If lead I is positive (R wave) and lead II &amp; III are negative, this indicates left axis deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a peaked T wave in an ECG indicate?

<p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration of the P wave in an ECG?

<p>Less than 0.12 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal speed at which an ECG machine records heart beats over time?

<p>25mm/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the PR interval in an ECG when set at two times normal standardization?

<p>0.12-0.20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard speed calibration for a properly calibrated ECG machine?

<p>1 mV signal produces a 10 mm deflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration range for the onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex in lead II of an ECG?

<p>0.12-0.20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal amplitude of ST-elevation in an ECG?

<p>1mv or 10 mm or 2 large squares</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an ECG?

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart over time.

What is the standard speed for an ECG?

ECG machines typically record at a speed of 25 mm per second, representing heartbeats over time.

What are the key factors to check during an ECG?

Lead placement, heart rate, and rhythm are essential for accurate results in an ECG.

What does voltage measure in an ECG?

Voltage in an ECG represents the electrical force generated by the heart's depolarization and repolarization cycles.

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What is the standard speed for a calibrated ECG machine?

A properly calibrated ECG machine uses a standardized speed of 25 mm per second.

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What is the PR interval?

The PR interval represents the time between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction, typically ranging from 120 to 200 milliseconds.

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What is the duration of the P wave?

The duration of the P wave, which represents atrial depolarization, typically lasts between 80 and 100 milliseconds.

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What does a prolonged QT interval suggest?

A prolonged QT interval is associated with bradycardia (slow heart rate) and may indicate various cardiac conditions.

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What do hyperacute T waves indicate?

Hyperacute T waves indicate early phase ischemia or myocardial infarction, potentially indicating a heart attack.

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How is left axis deviation determined in an ECG?

Left axis deviation in an ECG is characterized by a negative aVF and a positive lead I in the QRS complex.

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What does ST depression greater than 0.5 mm suggest?

ST depression greater than 0.5 mm can indicate myocardial ischemia or the effect of digitalis medication.

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What does a biphasic or flattened T wave indicate?

A biphasic or flattened T wave can signal ischemia or electrolyte imbalances in the body.

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How is the midclavicular line established in an ECG?

Lead V4 helps establish the midclavicular line in an ECG, which assists in proper lead placement.

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What does a peaked T wave indicate?

A peaked T wave can indicate hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) or potential myocardial injury.

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What is the normal amplitude for ST elevation?

Normal amplitude for ST elevation is usually ≥ 1 mm above the baseline, indicating a potential problem.

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What is the typical duration of the ST segment?

The ST segment duration is generally about 120 milliseconds, providing information about the heart's electrical activity.

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What is the duration of the PR interval in lead II?

The duration from the onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex in lead II typically ranges from 120 to 200 milliseconds.

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What is the standard PR interval duration?

The PR interval, under standard conditions, should be between 120 and 200 milliseconds.

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Why are heart rates and rhythms checked during an ECG?

Checking heart rates and rhythms during an ECG is vital for accurate interpretation of the results.

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What is hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood, which can affect heart rhythms.

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What is myocardial infarction (MI)?

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a serious condition caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

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What is left axis deviation?

Left axis deviation refers to a shift in the electrical axis of the heart towards the left, indicating potential problems in the heart's electrical conduction.

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What is myocardial ischemia?

Myocardial ischemia, a condition where blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, can be detected in an ECG.

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What are digitalis drugs?

Digitalis drugs are medications used to treat heart conditions and can cause ST depression in an ECG.

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How do electrolyte imbalances affect ECG results?

Electrolyte imbalances, like low potassium or magnesium, can affect the heart's electrical activity and show up in ECG readings.

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What is bradycardia?

Bradycardia is a medical condition characterized by a slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute.

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Study Notes

ECG Overview

  • ECG stands for Electrocardiogram, a test that records the electrical activity of the heart over time.
  • Normal recording speed for an ECG machine is typically 25 mm/sec, representing heartbeats over time.

ECG Monitoring and Measurements

  • When having an ECG, it is essential to check lead placement, heart rate, and rhythm to ensure accurate results.
  • Voltage in an ECG reflects the electrical force generated by the heart's depolarization and repolarization cycles.

Standard Calibration and Intervals

  • A properly calibrated ECG machine has a standard speed of 25 mm/sec.
  • The normal PR interval ranges from 120 to 200 milliseconds, representing the time from atrial contraction to ventricular contraction.
  • The duration of the P wave is typically between 80 to 100 milliseconds.

Conditions and Indicators in ECG

  • A prolonged QT interval is associated with bradycardia (slow heart rate), potentially indicating various cardiac conditions.
  • Hyperacute T waves can indicate early phase ischemia or myocardial infarction.
  • Left axis deviation in an ECG is determined by examining the QRS complex in leads I and aVF; a negative aVF with a positive lead I suggests deviation.
  • ST depression greater than 0.5 mm may indicate myocardial ischemia or digitalis effect.
  • A biphasic or flattened T wave often signifies ischemia or electrolyte imbalances.

Key Lead and Wave Indicators

  • The midclavicular line in an ECG is established using lead V4.
  • A peaked T wave is typically indicative of hyperkalemia or potential myocardial injury.
  • Normal amplitude for ST elevation is usually ≥ 1 mm above the baseline.
  • The ST segment duration is generally about 120 milliseconds.
  • The duration from the onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex in lead II typically ranges from 120 to 200 milliseconds.

Recap of Key Measures

  • The PR interval duration, under standardization, should be around 120 to 200 milliseconds.
  • The heart rates and rhythms must be checked for any discrepancies during the ECG for accurate interpretation.

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Description

Test your knowledge of electrocardiogram basics and components, including the electrical phases of the heart, ECG device parts, and the important considerations when performing ECGs such as date/time, patient details, speed, and voltage.

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