ECG and SpO2 Monitoring Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of disposable SpO2 sensors?

To assess a patient's blood pressure.

To deliver medication intravenously.

To store patient data securely.

To provide continuous monitoring in various hospital settings. (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of reusable SpO2 sensors?

They can be used multiple times and are easy to clean. (correct)

They are single-use and prevent cross-contamination.

They are primarily used in emergency settings only.

They provide continuous monitoring without any need for maintenance.

What can supplemental oxygen therapy be used to evaluate?

A patient's physical strength during exercise.

The need for emergency surgical intervention.

A patient's nutritional intake.

The effectiveness of oxygen delivery in new treatments. (correct)

How much fluid can an infusion pump administer at a minimum?

0.1 mL per hour injections. Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is not typically evaluated using SpO2 sensors?

Determining blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration of the PR Interval in an ECG?

Less than 0.2 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What should be told to the doctor before undergoing an ECG?

Any medications being taken Signup and view all the answers

How can an irregular heart rate be calculated using a 6-second strip on an ECG?

Count the number of R waves and multiply by 20 Signup and view all the answers

What is required in terms of clothing and jewelry before an ECG?

Wear a hospital gown and remove all jewelry Signup and view all the answers

What equipment is not typically needed for an ECG?

Ultrasound machine Signup and view all the answers

In terms of QRS complexes, which of the following is true?

The QRS complex can be either wide or narrow Signup and view all the answers

What type of heart rhythms can be easily estimated using large squares on an ECG?

Regular heart rhythms Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the QRS complex in an ECG?

It helps assess the heart's electrical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an endotracheal tube?

To secure a patent airway in cases of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely indicate the need for endotracheal intubation?

Apnea or respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuff on an endotracheal tube?

To prevent air leakage and aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of sizes for endotracheal tubes used in adults?

7 mm to 9 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of laryngoscope blade is available for intubation?

Straight and curved Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial flow rate for Levophed if the patient weighs 60 kg?

0.3 mcg/kg/min Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fiberoptic light delivery systems from bulb laryngoscope blades?

Brilliance of the light source Signup and view all the answers

How many milligrams of Levophed are in 250 ml of D5W if using the single concentration (1:1)?

4 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most likely to require a smaller endotracheal tube size?

Infants and neonates Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would you most likely anticipate airway obstruction that requires intubation?

Facial burns or major facial trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the stock dose of Potassium Chloride (KCl)?

2 mEQ/mL Signup and view all the answers

When preparing Nicardipine at a concentration of 2 mg/hr, how much Nicardipine is needed in the solution of 90 ml PNSS?

10 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of endotracheal intubation?

To facilitate oxygenation and ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What flow rate measurement is often more common for IV medications?

mL/hr Signup and view all the answers

What preparation is used for the double concentration Levophed drip?

250 ml D5W + 8 mg Levophed Signup and view all the answers

What is the stock dose concentration for Nicardipine?

1 mg/ml Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'down pressure' sensor detect?

When the vein is blocked or the line is kinked Signup and view all the answers

Which sensor is used to identify an empty bag or syringe?

Up pressure sensor Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration for the Dopamine drip with a 1:1 ratio?

200 mg/250 ml Signup and view all the answers

How is the flow rate for Dopamine, Dobutamine, and Norepinephrine determined?

By computing both the concentration and flow rate Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a calcium-channel blocker indicated for hypertension?

Nicardipine Signup and view all the answers

What dosage calculation is necessary for medications like Norepinephrine?

mcg/kg/min Signup and view all the answers

How is the Dobutamine drip prepared using D5W?

250 ml with 250 mg Dobutamine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common purpose of a drug library in medical pumps?

To prevent medication errors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse during tracheal intubation?

Prepare the patient and assist the medical practitioner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs does NOT have inotropic effects?

Nicardipine Signup and view all the answers

What is the internal function of many infusion pumps?

To record therapy events Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored after the intubation procedure?

Presence of laryngeal edema and tracheal stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the signs or symptoms that indicate a possible complication during the intubation process?

Subcutaneous emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What tool is used to visualize the larynx during intubation?

A laryngoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying cricoid pressure during intubation?

To obstruct the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically used in the intubation procedure?

Tracheostomy dressing Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended patient status prior to the intubation procedure?

Nil orally for four to six hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a symptom of tracheal or esophageal perforation?

Increased appetite Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

2023 Critical Care Laboratory

Focuses on the care of clients experiencing life-threatening conditions, acute illness, multi-organ problems, high acuity, and emergency situations.
Includes a laboratory component.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A diagnostic tool recording the heart's electrical activity.
Electrodes placed on the skin connect to an amplifier and chart recorder.
ECG analysis diagnoses various heart conditions, from minor to life-threatening.
Heart Rate:
- Normal heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minute.
- Variations exist (e.g., athletes have slower resting heart rates).
Heart Cells:
- Specialized heart cells (sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, Bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers) generate and coordinate electrical impulses.
- Characteristics: Automaticity (initiate impulse), Excitability (respond to impulse), Conductivity (transmit impulse), Contractility (ability to contract), Refractoriness (inability to respond till repolarisation), Rhythmicity (contract & relax at regular rates).
ECG Waves and Intervals:
- P wave: Atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization (Q,R,S waves).
- T wave: Ventricular repolarization.
- PR interval: Time for SA node stimulation, atrial depolarization, & AV node conduction before ventricular depolarization.
- ST segment: Early ventricular repolarization.
- QT interval: Ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Corrected QT interval (QTc) is adjusted for heart rate.
- U wave: Repolarization of Purkinje fibers (seen less often than other waves, sometimes indicative of low potassium levels).
ECG Interpretation:
- Analyze rate, rhythm, P waves, QRS complexes, PR intervals, and QT intervals for diagnoses (e.g., irregular heart rate, heart enlargement, conduction abnormalities, and heart muscle damage).
ECG Equipment:
- Holter monitor: Records the electrical activity of the heart over a longer period (24 or more hours).
- ECG Machine: records the electrical activity of the heart.
12-lead ECG: Standard ECG with 12 leads, electrodes placed on chest/limbs, most commonly used for diagnosing.
15/18 lead ECG: Includes 3 more additional posterior leads improving the diagnosis of possible myocardial infarction.

Acid-Base Balance (ABG)

Evaluates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and the blood's acidity.
Measured using blood from an artery.
Important in diagnosing respiratory and metabolic conditions and evaluating their treatment effectiveness, including oxygen therapy.
Key factors:
- pH (blood acidity).
- PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood).
- HCO3 (bicarbonate in the blood).
Interpretation: Evaluate pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 to determine imbalances indicative of respiratory or metabolic conditions.

Pulse Oximetry

Noninvasive method to monitor blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 or SaO2).
Used in emergency settings, operating rooms, ICUs, and other patient care areas.
Sensors placed on the finger, forehead, earlobe, or nose and measures blood oxygen level.
Interpretation: Normal SpO2 is 95-100%. Readings <85% suggests low oxygen to some tissues indicating further investigation.

Infusion Pumps

Administers fluids, medications, or nutrients to the patient.
Types of Pumps: Large-volume or Small-volume.
Safety measures: Anti-free-flow devices and battery backup; ensures safe delivery and to avoid overdosing.

Intravenous Medications

Calculation methods for determining doses and infusion rates of IV medications such as dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine are included.

Endotracheal Intubation

Insertion of an endotracheal tube into the trachea.
Important for establishing and maintaining a patent airway.
Used in patients with respiratory distress or compromised airways.
Laryngoscope blades: Straight or Curved (Miller or Macintosh).
Indications:* Airway obstruction, Ineffective oxygenation/ventilation, Altered mental status, Apnea, Ineffective clearance of secretions, Respiratory distress, etc.
Equipment: Laryngoscope, Endotracheal tube, Suctions, Etc.

Endotracheal Suctioning

Removal of airway secretions using negative pressure.
Purpose: Maintain patent airways, remove secretions, promote optimal respiratory function, and prevent pneumonia.
Open/Closed technique: Choices for suctioning depending on patient condition.
Equipment includes Suction catheter of appropriate size for the patient's age.

Basic Life Support (BLS)

Emergency procedures to maintain circulation and respiration.
Includes CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack

Cardiac arrest: Sudden, unexpected electrical malfunction stopping the heart.
Heart attack: Blocked blood flow to the heart muscle.

Other Critical Care Procedures

Includes discussion of cricothyroidotomy (a procedure that creates a surgical airway) to achieve effective breathing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ECG and SpO2 sensors with this quiz. Questions cover the primary purpose of sensors, ECG requirements, heart rate calculations, and more. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.