Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the typical area size of an ecchymosis?
What is the typical area size of an ecchymosis?
- Less than 1 cm
- More than 5 cm
- 2-5 cm
- 1-2 cm (correct)
What happens to the erythrocytes in ecchymosis?
What happens to the erythrocytes in ecchymosis?
- They are released back into the bloodstream
- They are converted to bilirubin
- They are destroyed by immune cells
- They are phagocytosed and degraded (correct)
What is the color of hemoglobin in ecchymosis?
What is the color of hemoglobin in ecchymosis?
- Blue-green
- Yellow
- Golden-brown
- Red-blue (correct)
What is the final product of bilirubin conversion in ecchymosis?
What is the final product of bilirubin conversion in ecchymosis?
What is the color of hemosiderin?
What is the color of hemosiderin?
What type of cells are responsible for producing coagulation type materials?
What type of cells are responsible for producing coagulation type materials?
What is the function of anticoagulation mechanism in blood vessels?
What is the function of anticoagulation mechanism in blood vessels?
What is the role of collagen in blood vessels?
What is the role of collagen in blood vessels?
What is the result of injury to blood vessels?
What is the result of injury to blood vessels?
What is the function of endothelial cells in their normal state?
What is the function of endothelial cells in their normal state?
What is the role of ECM in blood vessels?
What is the role of ECM in blood vessels?
What is the result of plasmin breaking down fibrin?
What is the result of plasmin breaking down fibrin?
What is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
What is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
What is the role of alpha 2 antiplasmin in the body?
What is the role of alpha 2 antiplasmin in the body?
Which of the following is a primary cause of hypercoagulability?
Which of the following is a primary cause of hypercoagulability?
What is the effect of free plasmin on fibrin?
What is the effect of free plasmin on fibrin?
Why is it necessary to control the action of plasmin?
Why is it necessary to control the action of plasmin?
What is a secondary cause of hypercoagulability?
What is a secondary cause of hypercoagulability?
What is the relationship between plasmin and alpha 2 antiplasmin?
What is the relationship between plasmin and alpha 2 antiplasmin?
What is the result of a combination of high risk factors and hypercoagulability?
What is the result of a combination of high risk factors and hypercoagulability?
What is the role of protein C and S in the body?
What is the role of protein C and S in the body?
What is the result of Antithrombin III deficiency?
What is the result of Antithrombin III deficiency?
What is the common result of pooling of blood in veins?
What is the common result of pooling of blood in veins?
What can cause injury to vessels and lead to thrombosis?
What can cause injury to vessels and lead to thrombosis?
What can increase the incidence of thrombosis?
What can increase the incidence of thrombosis?
What can reduce the risk of deep venous thrombosis?
What can reduce the risk of deep venous thrombosis?
What is a common risk factor for deep venous thrombosis?
What is a common risk factor for deep venous thrombosis?
Study Notes
Ecchymosis and Hematomas
- Ecchymosis are subcutaneous hematomas or bruises that are 1-2 cm in area
- Erythrocytes in these hemorrhages are phagocytosed and degraded
- Hemoglobin is converted to bilirubin, which is blue-green in color, and eventually to hemosiderin, a golden-brown colored material
Blood Vessels and Coagulation
- Endothelial cells produce a variety of materials, including coagulation factors, inhibitors of blood coagulation, and vasodilation factors
- Collagen and ECM play a role in coagulation
- Antithrombin and fibrinolysis are involved in anticoagulation mechanisms
- Endothelial cells have anti-thrombotic, anti-aggregation, and anti-coagulation effects
Fibrinolysis and Plasmin
- Plasmin breaks down fibrin, producing fibrin split products
- Free plasmin is inactivated by alpha 2 antiplasmin to control its action
Hypercoagulability
- Primary causes of hypercoagulability include Factor V mutations, prothrombin mutations, Antithrombin III deficiency, and protein C and S deficiency
- Secondary causes are considered high-risk, including individuals who are immobile or have a history of blood clots
- Hypercoagulable conditions increase the incidence of thrombosis in situations that cause blood stasis, such as long flights or immobilization after surgery
- Surgery, trauma, or burns may cause thrombosis due to injury to vessels, release of procoagulants, and reduced t-PA activity
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Description
Learn about ecchymosis, a type of subcutaneous hematoma or bruise, and its characteristics, including the breakdown of hemoglobin and the formation of bilirubin and hemosiderin.
