EC501 Electromagnetic Waves Overview

EC501 Electromagnetic Waves

• Module 1: Covers basics of vectors, vector calculus, Maxwell's equations, basic laws of electromagnetics, and Poynting vector. Boundary conditions at media interfaces are also discussed. (6 hrs)

• Module II: Explores uniform plane waves, wave propagation, wave polarization, Poincaré sphere, and wave propagation in conducting media. It delves into phase and group velocity, surface current, and power loss. Includes plane waves at media interfaces, reflection, and refraction at dielectric interfaces, and reflection from conducting boundaries. (8 hrs)

• Module III: Details transmission lines—equations of voltage and current on transmission lines, propagation constant, impedance, reflection coefficient and VSWR. Topics also include impedance transformation, power transfer, Smith chart applications, transmission line sections as circuit elements, and impedance matching. (8 hrs)

• Module IV: Discusses wave propagation in parallel planewaveguides, including analysis of waveguide general approach, rectangular waveguide, modal propagation in rectangular waveguide, surface currents on waveguide walls, and field visualization. Attenuation in waveguide is also addressed. (6 hrs)

• Module V: Covers radiation from the Hertz dipole, power radiated by Hertz dipole, radiation parameters of antennas (receiver antenna, monopole, dipole). (6 hrs)

EC502 Computer Architecture

• Course Objectives: Students will demonstrate the ability to learn how computers work, understand basic principles, analyze performance, design and build computers. Students should also understand issues affecting modern processors.

• Topics: Basic structure of computers, functional units, software, performance issues, software machine instructions and programs, types of instructions, instruction sets (instruction formats), assembly language, stacks, queues, and subroutines. Processor organization, information representation, number formats, multiplication, division, ALU design, IEEE 754 floating-point formats, control design, instruction sequencing, interpretation, hardwired control, microprogrammed control. Microinstruction size minimization, control unit design in microprogrammed computers. Memory organization, device characteristics, RAM, ROM, memory management, concept of cache and associative memories, and virtual memory. System organization, input-output systems, interrupts, DMA, and standard I/O interfaces, and concept of parallel processing, pipelining, and forms of parallel processing, interconnect networks.

EC503 Digital Communication and Stochastic

• Mod-1: Introduces stochastic processes, definitions, examples, and classifications. Covers stationary and ergodic processes, correlation coefficients, covariance, auto-correlation functions, random binary waves, and power spectral density, Markov chains, transition probability matrix, and Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. (8L)

• Mod-2: Discusses signal vector representation, signal and vector analogies, distinguishability of signals, orthogonality, orthonormality, bases, likelihood functions, Schwartz inequality, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation, noisy signal response at the receiver, maximum likelihood, decision rule, decision boundaries, probability of error, error function, type-I and II errors (6L)

• Mod-3: Introduces digital data transmission, concepts of sampling, various modulation techniques (PAM, interlacing, multiplexing of samples, PCM, quantization: uniform and non-uniform, quantization noise, binary encoding, A-Law and μ-Law companding, differential PCM, delta/adaptive delta modulation), digital transmission components, line coding (polar/unipolar/bipolar, NRZ, RZ, Manchester), pulse shaping, ISI, eye pattern, and Nyquist criterion for zero ISI. Introduces equalization, zero forcing, timing extraction, and inter-symbol interference. (10L)

• Mod-4: Covers digital modulation types. Explores coherent and non-coherent Binary Modulation techniques, basic digital carrier modulation techniques (ASK, FSK, and PSK). (10L)

EC504 Digital Signal Processing

• Module I: Introduces discrete-time signals, sequences, signal representation on orthogonal bases, sampling, signal reconstruction, discrete time systems, properties, Z-transforms, ROC, analysis of LSI systems, frequency analysis, inverse systems, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, implementation of discrete-time systems. (8 hrs)

• Module II: Details the design of FIR digital filters (window method, Park-McClellan method), IIR digital filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev, elliptic approximations), low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and high-pass filters. (8 hrs)

• Module III: Covers the effect of finite register length on FIR filter design, parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation, and multirate signal processing. Applications of DSP are also covered. (10 hrs)

• Module IV: Introduces wavelets (classification: CWT and DWT), filter banks, and their related topics. (8 hrs)

EC591 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory

• Laboratory: Covers simulation of sampled sinusoidal signals, sequence operations, convolution, Z-transform, properties of Z-transform, twiddle factors, DFTs/IDFTs, circular convolution, differentiation and integration with different algorithms (Overlap-add and Overlap-save), Butterworth filter design (various parameters), and FIR filter design using different window functions (rectangular, Hamming, Blackman windows), and use of a DSP processor and Xilinx FPGA in a hardware lab.

EC592 Digital Communication Laboratory

• Laboratory: Covers design, implementation, and analysis of 7-length and 15-length PN sequences (shift register), PAM and demodulation, PCM and demodulation, line coders (polar/unipolar/bipolar NRZ, RZ, Manchester), delta modulator/demodulator, adaptive delta modulator/demodulator, BPSK modulator/demodulator, BFSK modulator/demodulator, ASK modulator/demodulator, QPSK modulator/demodulator, and simulation studies of probabilities of symbol errors for BPSK and BFSK modulation.

EC593 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory

• Laboratory: Covers simulation using standard simulators, sampled sinusoidal signals, sequence operations, convolution, verification, Z-transforms, Z-transform properties, twiddle factors, DFT/IDFT matrix multiplications, circular convolutions, differentiation/integration (using various algorithms), filtering of long data sequences (Overlap-add and Overlap-save), Butterworth filter design with different parameters, FIR filter design with various windows.

### MC-HU501 Effective Technical Communication

• Course Objectives: Build confidence in listening, speaking, reading and writing English professionally; enable students to think and speak effectively on everyday topics, including technical concepts; equip students with academic writing basics; develop industry-ready attitude toward professional communication; and prepare students for competitive exams like TOEFL and IELTS.

• Modules: Covers general conversation (warm-up sessions), basics of communication, verbal/nonverbal communication, effective body language; intensive practice sessions-group discussions on various topics (like the dangers of social media, internet, Artificial Intelligence, IOT, Cloud computing, and cybersecurity); organisational and academic writing (job application letters/CVs, email writing, techniques for good technical writing), principles and practices of personal interviews, mock interviews, and presentations.

PE-EC505A Nano Electronics

• Topics: Introduction to nanotechnology, meso structures, quantum mechanics (Schrodinger equation, density of states, particle in a box, concepts of degeneracy, band theory of solids, Kronig-Penney model, Brillouin zones), shrink-down approaches (CMOS scaling, MOSFETs, FinFETS, vertical MOSFETs, interconnect issues), resonant tunneling diodes, Coulomb dots, quantum blockade, single-electron transistors, carbon nanotubes, bandstructure, and transport in devices. Applications are also covered.

PE-EC505B Speech and Audio Processing

• Topics: Speech production and modeling, human auditory system, general structure of speech coders (parametric, waveform, and hybrid), speech signal processing (pitch-period estimation, all-pole and all-zero filters, convolution, power spectral density, periodogram, autoregressive model, autocorrelation estimation), linear prediction of speech (basic concepts, linear prediction analysis of non-stationary signals, Levinson-Durbin algorithm, long-term and short-term prediction models, moving average prediction), speech quantization (scalar quantization—uniform, optimum, logarithmic, and adaptive quantizers; vector quantization—distortion measures, codebook design, codebook types). It also covers scalar quantization of LPC, spectral distortion measures, quantization based on reflection coefficients and log area ratio, bit allocation, and linear prediction coding (LPC model of speech production, structures of LPC encoders and decoders, voicing detection, limitations of LPC model), code excited linear prediction (CELP).

PE-EC505C Power Electronics

• Topics: Characteristics of semiconductor power devices (thyristors, power MOSFETs, IGBTs), commutation, and snubber circuits. Controlled rectifiers (single-phase, semi/full-bridge converters for R, RL, RLE, load, and level loads), analysis of load voltage, input current, and input supply power factor. It covers quadrant operations of chopper types (A, B, C, D, and E), control techniques, single-phase inverters, principle of operation of full-bridge and quasi-square wave PWM inverters, driver circuits and output analysis (Fourier analysis), current source inverters, switching power supplies (flyback, forward), resonant converters, load resonant converter, power-line disturbances, EMI/EMC power conditioners, UPS configuration, sizing, separately excited DC motor drive, and other applications.

PF-EC506A/B/C Cyber Law & Intellectual Property Rights, Human Resource Management

• Topics: Legal regulation of cyberspace, intellectual property rights (IPRs—copyright, trademarks, etc), basic principles of minimum standards. Intellectual property, geographical indications, layout design of integrated circuits, protection of plant varieties, farmers' rights (copyright, performers' rights, artist rights), global governance towards patents, trade marks, legal recognition, international treaties and their relevance (especially Indian context). Course also includes a discussion of intellectual property: issues and challenges, benefit sharing, and contractual agreements, patent policy and farmers' rights, CBD, Nagoya Protocol, Indian laws, UNESCO, protection of folklore/cultural expressions, and traditional knowledge. Cyber-law, internet issues, online resources, security, and digital signature concepts are also there. Human resource management: Meaning, definition, functions, scope. Includes qualities of HR manager; human resource planning (HRP); meaning and definition, importance, HRP processes, barriers, and recruitment; training and performance appraisal (definition, objective, areas, process, effective principles), industrial relations (concept, objective, reasons of poor relations); disputes, dispute prevention, and conditions of good industrial relations; worker participation in management (meaning, need, forms, scheme, merits, demerits, collective bargaining, employee discipline, rewards, and consequences of industrial dispute).

This quiz covers the fundamentals of electromagnetic waves as outlined in EC501, including Maxwell's equations, wave propagation, and transmission lines. Each module focuses on key concepts such as vector calculus, boundary conditions, and impedance matching. Test your understanding of these critical principles in electromagnetics.