EC501 Electromagnetic Waves Overview
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What is one of the key outcomes for students by the end of the course on electromagnetic waves?

  • Characterize uniform plane waves (correct)
  • Calculate the temperature of electrical circuits
  • Design mechanical structures
  • Analyze financial models
  • In the context of computer architecture, which component is primarily responsible for instruction sequencing?

  • Control Unit (correct)
  • Input-Output System
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  • Random Access Memory (RAM)
  • Which of the following describes a function of transmission lines?

  • Transform electrical signals into thermal energy
  • Convert analog signals to digital formats
  • Carry out impedance transformation (correct)
  • Store electrical charge for extended periods
  • What does the term 'floating point arithmetic' refer to in computer architecture?

    <p>Calculations with real numbers represented by a sign bit, exponent, and mantissa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of high frequency transmission lines?

    <p>Low signal loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a technique used to reduce quantization noise in digital data transmission?

    <p>Differential PCM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digital modulation technique is characterized by phase changes to encode data?

    <p>Phase Shift Keying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of pulse shaping in digital communication?

    <p>To minimize Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the CPU control unit in a microprogrammed computer?

    <p>Control the sequencing of microinstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory management is referred to when discussing virtual memory?

    <p>Paging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI relate to?

    <p>The maximum symbol rate without distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which modulation scheme is the average probability of symbol error significantly impacted by the number of phase states?

    <p>M-ary Phase Shift Keying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of parallel processing, what is pipelining?

    <p>Breaking a sequence of operations into stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of line coding?

    <p>Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a regenerative repeater in digital transmission?

    <p>To amplify and restore signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modulation technique employs the use of amplitude variations to represent binary data?

    <p>Amplitude Shift Keying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental concept that students will understand by the end of the course?

    <p>Stochastic Process in Communication Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mathematical representation is used for analyzing discrete time signals?

    <p>Z-Transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is not typically associated with the design of FIR Digital filters?

    <p>Butterworth Approximation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of digital signal processing, which of the following is used for spectral estimation?

    <p>Parametric and Non-parametric methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of digital filter design does not fall under IIR filters?

    <p>Moving Average Filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm?

    <p>Efficient Computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of digital data transmission is analyzed under baseband transmission mode?

    <p>Noise Immunity Techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in the module on the effect of finite register length in FIR filter design?

    <p>Implementation Challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced in the scaling of CMOS technology?

    <p>Increased power consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is useful for enhancing the performance of nanoscale MOSFETs?

    <p>FinFET architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about resonant tunneling diodes is true?

    <p>They allow tunneling of electrons at specific energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle behind the single electron transistor?

    <p>Single electron charging effects influence the current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of using carbon nanotubes in electronics?

    <p>Higher electron mobility compared to traditional materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of 2D semiconductors is crucial for their application in electronic devices?

    <p>Thickness on the nanoscale enabling quantum effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Levinson-Durbin algorithm in speech processing?

    <p>To analyze linear prediction of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes hybrid speech coding techniques?

    <p>They employ both waveform and parametric methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of cancellation in floating-point arithmetic?

    <p>Inaccuracy in results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors?

    <p>Jacobi Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property associated with floating-point systems?

    <p>Quadratic convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'rank deficiency' in linear least squares refer to?

    <p>Redundant data points causing ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In numerical integration, what does the Newton-Cotes rule primarily concern?

    <p>Approximation of definite integrals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of problems do the finite element methods solve?

    <p>Partial differential equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of optimization, what does 'multidimensional unconstrained optimization' typically involve?

    <p>Looking for the global minimum without constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT typically used for solving nonlinear equations?

    <p>Gaussian elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key objectives of human resource planning?

    <p>To ensure adequate manpower availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of a human resource manager?

    <p>Recruiting and selecting employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective recruitment primarily depend on?

    <p>The skills and qualifications of the job applicants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for poor industrial relations?

    <p>Increased employee engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of performance appraisal?

    <p>To evaluate an employee's job performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines collective bargaining?

    <p>Direct negotiation between employees and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is critical for developing a favorable working environment?

    <p>Employees' participation in management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a guideline for maintaining employee discipline?

    <p>Consistent application of rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    EC501 Electromagnetic Waves

    • Module 1: Covers basics of vectors, vector calculus, Maxwell's equations, basic laws of electromagnetics, and Poynting vector. Boundary conditions at media interfaces are also discussed. (6 hrs)

    • Module II: Explores uniform plane waves, wave propagation, wave polarization, Poincaré sphere, and wave propagation in conducting media. It delves into phase and group velocity, surface current, and power loss. Includes plane waves at media interfaces, reflection, and refraction at dielectric interfaces, and reflection from conducting boundaries. (8 hrs)

    • Module III: Details transmission lines—equations of voltage and current on transmission lines, propagation constant, impedance, reflection coefficient and VSWR. Topics also include impedance transformation, power transfer, Smith chart applications, transmission line sections as circuit elements, and impedance matching. (8 hrs)

    • Module IV: Discusses wave propagation in parallel planewaveguides, including analysis of waveguide general approach, rectangular waveguide, modal propagation in rectangular waveguide, surface currents on waveguide walls, and field visualization. Attenuation in waveguide is also addressed. (6 hrs)

    • Module V: Covers radiation from the Hertz dipole, power radiated by Hertz dipole, radiation parameters of antennas (receiver antenna, monopole, dipole). (6 hrs)

    EC502 Computer Architecture

    • Course Objectives: Students will demonstrate the ability to learn how computers work, understand basic principles, analyze performance, design and build computers. Students should also understand issues affecting modern processors.

    • Topics: Basic structure of computers, functional units, software, performance issues, software machine instructions and programs, types of instructions, instruction sets (instruction formats), assembly language, stacks, queues, and subroutines. Processor organization, information representation, number formats, multiplication, division, ALU design, IEEE 754 floating-point formats, control design, instruction sequencing, interpretation, hardwired control, microprogrammed control. Microinstruction size minimization, control unit design in microprogrammed computers. Memory organization, device characteristics, RAM, ROM, memory management, concept of cache and associative memories, and virtual memory. System organization, input-output systems, interrupts, DMA, and standard I/O interfaces, and concept of parallel processing, pipelining, and forms of parallel processing, interconnect networks.

    EC503 Digital Communication and Stochastic

    • Mod-1: Introduces stochastic processes, definitions, examples, and classifications. Covers stationary and ergodic processes, correlation coefficients, covariance, auto-correlation functions, random binary waves, and power spectral density, Markov chains, transition probability matrix, and Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. (8L)

    • Mod-2: Discusses signal vector representation, signal and vector analogies, distinguishability of signals, orthogonality, orthonormality, bases, likelihood functions, Schwartz inequality, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation, noisy signal response at the receiver, maximum likelihood, decision rule, decision boundaries, probability of error, error function, type-I and II errors (6L)

    • Mod-3: Introduces digital data transmission, concepts of sampling, various modulation techniques (PAM, interlacing, multiplexing of samples, PCM, quantization: uniform and non-uniform, quantization noise, binary encoding, A-Law and μ-Law companding, differential PCM, delta/adaptive delta modulation), digital transmission components, line coding (polar/unipolar/bipolar, NRZ, RZ, Manchester), pulse shaping, ISI, eye pattern, and Nyquist criterion for zero ISI. Introduces equalization, zero forcing, timing extraction, and inter-symbol interference. (10L)

    • Mod-4: Covers digital modulation types. Explores coherent and non-coherent Binary Modulation techniques, basic digital carrier modulation techniques (ASK, FSK, and PSK). (10L)

    EC504 Digital Signal Processing

    • Module I: Introduces discrete-time signals, sequences, signal representation on orthogonal bases, sampling, signal reconstruction, discrete time systems, properties, Z-transforms, ROC, analysis of LSI systems, frequency analysis, inverse systems, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, implementation of discrete-time systems. (8 hrs)

    • Module II: Details the design of FIR digital filters (window method, Park-McClellan method), IIR digital filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev, elliptic approximations), low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and high-pass filters. (8 hrs)

    • Module III: Covers the effect of finite register length on FIR filter design, parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation, and multirate signal processing. Applications of DSP are also covered. (10 hrs)

    • Module IV: Introduces wavelets (classification: CWT and DWT), filter banks, and their related topics. (8 hrs)

    EC591 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory

    • Laboratory: Covers simulation of sampled sinusoidal signals, sequence operations, convolution, Z-transform, properties of Z-transform, twiddle factors, DFTs/IDFTs, circular convolution, differentiation and integration with different algorithms (Overlap-add and Overlap-save), Butterworth filter design (various parameters), and FIR filter design using different window functions (rectangular, Hamming, Blackman windows), and use of a DSP processor and Xilinx FPGA in a hardware lab.

    EC592 Digital Communication Laboratory

    • Laboratory: Covers design, implementation, and analysis of 7-length and 15-length PN sequences (shift register), PAM and demodulation, PCM and demodulation, line coders (polar/unipolar/bipolar NRZ, RZ, Manchester), delta modulator/demodulator, adaptive delta modulator/demodulator, BPSK modulator/demodulator, BFSK modulator/demodulator, ASK modulator/demodulator, QPSK modulator/demodulator, and simulation studies of probabilities of symbol errors for BPSK and BFSK modulation.

    EC593 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory

    • Laboratory: Covers simulation using standard simulators, sampled sinusoidal signals, sequence operations, convolution, verification, Z-transforms, Z-transform properties, twiddle factors, DFT/IDFT matrix multiplications, circular convolutions, differentiation/integration (using various algorithms), filtering of long data sequences (Overlap-add and Overlap-save), Butterworth filter design with different parameters, FIR filter design with various windows.

    ### MC-HU501 Effective Technical Communication

    • Course Objectives: Build confidence in listening, speaking, reading and writing English professionally; enable students to think and speak effectively on everyday topics, including technical concepts; equip students with academic writing basics; develop industry-ready attitude toward professional communication; and prepare students for competitive exams like TOEFL and IELTS.

    • Modules: Covers general conversation (warm-up sessions), basics of communication, verbal/nonverbal communication, effective body language; intensive practice sessions-group discussions on various topics (like the dangers of social media, internet, Artificial Intelligence, IOT, Cloud computing, and cybersecurity); organisational and academic writing (job application letters/CVs, email writing, techniques for good technical writing), principles and practices of personal interviews, mock interviews, and presentations.

    PE-EC505A Nano Electronics

    • Topics: Introduction to nanotechnology, meso structures, quantum mechanics (Schrodinger equation, density of states, particle in a box, concepts of degeneracy, band theory of solids, Kronig-Penney model, Brillouin zones), shrink-down approaches (CMOS scaling, MOSFETs, FinFETS, vertical MOSFETs, interconnect issues), resonant tunneling diodes, Coulomb dots, quantum blockade, single-electron transistors, carbon nanotubes, bandstructure, and transport in devices. Applications are also covered.

    PE-EC505B Speech and Audio Processing

    • Topics: Speech production and modeling, human auditory system, general structure of speech coders (parametric, waveform, and hybrid), speech signal processing (pitch-period estimation, all-pole and all-zero filters, convolution, power spectral density, periodogram, autoregressive model, autocorrelation estimation), linear prediction of speech (basic concepts, linear prediction analysis of non-stationary signals, Levinson-Durbin algorithm, long-term and short-term prediction models, moving average prediction), speech quantization (scalar quantization—uniform, optimum, logarithmic, and adaptive quantizers; vector quantization—distortion measures, codebook design, codebook types). It also covers scalar quantization of LPC, spectral distortion measures, quantization based on reflection coefficients and log area ratio, bit allocation, and linear prediction coding (LPC model of speech production, structures of LPC encoders and decoders, voicing detection, limitations of LPC model), code excited linear prediction (CELP).

    PE-EC505C Power Electronics

    • Topics: Characteristics of semiconductor power devices (thyristors, power MOSFETs, IGBTs), commutation, and snubber circuits. Controlled rectifiers (single-phase, semi/full-bridge converters for R, RL, RLE, load, and level loads), analysis of load voltage, input current, and input supply power factor. It covers quadrant operations of chopper types (A, B, C, D, and E), control techniques, single-phase inverters, principle of operation of full-bridge and quasi-square wave PWM inverters, driver circuits and output analysis (Fourier analysis), current source inverters, switching power supplies (flyback, forward), resonant converters, load resonant converter, power-line disturbances, EMI/EMC power conditioners, UPS configuration, sizing, separately excited DC motor drive, and other applications.

    PF-EC506A/B/C Cyber Law & Intellectual Property Rights, Human Resource Management

    • Topics: Legal regulation of cyberspace, intellectual property rights (IPRs—copyright, trademarks, etc), basic principles of minimum standards. Intellectual property, geographical indications, layout design of integrated circuits, protection of plant varieties, farmers' rights (copyright, performers' rights, artist rights), global governance towards patents, trade marks, legal recognition, international treaties and their relevance (especially Indian context). Course also includes a discussion of intellectual property: issues and challenges, benefit sharing, and contractual agreements, patent policy and farmers' rights, CBD, Nagoya Protocol, Indian laws, UNESCO, protection of folklore/cultural expressions, and traditional knowledge. Cyber-law, internet issues, online resources, security, and digital signature concepts are also there. Human resource management: Meaning, definition, functions, scope. Includes qualities of HR manager; human resource planning (HRP); meaning and definition, importance, HRP processes, barriers, and recruitment; training and performance appraisal (definition, objective, areas, process, effective principles), industrial relations (concept, objective, reasons of poor relations); disputes, dispute prevention, and conditions of good industrial relations; worker participation in management (meaning, need, forms, scheme, merits, demerits, collective bargaining, employee discipline, rewards, and consequences of industrial dispute).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of electromagnetic waves as outlined in EC501, including Maxwell's equations, wave propagation, and transmission lines. Each module focuses on key concepts such as vector calculus, boundary conditions, and impedance matching. Test your understanding of these critical principles in electromagnetics.

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