Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?
Integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and best research evidence into the decision-making process for patient care.
The five steps in evidence-based practice are: Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, and _____
The five steps in evidence-based practice are: Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, and _____
Assess
Which of the following is a foreground question? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is a foreground question? (Select all that apply)
What does Level 1 evidence consist of?
What does Level 1 evidence consist of?
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Which level of evidence represents descriptive studies such as case studies?
Which level of evidence represents descriptive studies such as case studies?
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Qualitative research relies on numerical data under standardized conditions.
Qualitative research relies on numerical data under standardized conditions.
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What are the two main approaches in research?
What are the two main approaches in research?
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Study Notes
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
- EBP integrates clinical expertise, patient values, and best research evidence for informed patient care decisions.
Five Steps in Evidence-Based Practice
- Ask: Formulate clinical questions using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome).
- Acquire: Gather relevant literature based on the formulated question, considering the hierarchy of evidence.
- Appraise: Assess the validity, relevance, and significance of the literature reviewed.
- Apply: Synthesize evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to make decisions.
- Assess: Evaluate the outcomes for effectiveness; determine if further evidence or questions are necessary.
Background vs. Foreground Questions
- Background Questions: Request general knowledge about a patient's condition (e.g., prevalence of migraines).
- Foreground Questions: Specifically address individual patient care decisions, often framed using PICO (e.g., effectiveness of a specific treatment).
Levels of Evidence
- Organized by quality and amount of information, indicating study rigor.
- Level 1: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis offer the strongest evidence.
- Level 2: Individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies present strong findings.
- Level 3: Studies with weak bias control, such as nonrandomized studies and retrospective cohorts.
- Level 4: Description-based studies, like case studies and historical controls, provide low evidence.
- Level 5: Mechanistic reasoning, which is theoretical but lacks empirical support.
Categories of Research
- Descriptive: Aims to characterize a group through variables (e.g., case studies, qualitative research).
- Exploratory: Observational studies investigating phenomena (e.g., case-control, cohort studies).
- Explanatory: Compares interventions or conditions (e.g., RCTs, pragmatic trials, quasi-experimental designs).
- Quantitative Research: Focuses on measuring outcomes numerically, standardizing conditions.
- Qualitative Research: Involves descriptive data collection via interviews and observations, emphasizing narrative data.
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Description
Prepare for your Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) final exam with this comprehensive review. This quiz covers key concepts from Portney LG (2020) Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 5, focusing on evidence-based practice and its significance in clinical decision-making. Test your understanding of the five steps in EBP, including the PICO framework.
