Podcast
Questions and Answers
What environmental factor is associated with an increased risk of developing anorexia nervosa?
What environmental factor is associated with an increased risk of developing anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is considered a physiological feature associated with anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is considered a physiological feature associated with anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following signifies a genetic risk factor for anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following signifies a genetic risk factor for anorexia nervosa?
What cardiac abnormality is often associated with anorexia nervosa?
What cardiac abnormality is often associated with anorexia nervosa?
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Which of the following is a common clinical feature of anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is a common clinical feature of anorexia nervosa?
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What is a metabolic consequence of eating disorders?
What is a metabolic consequence of eating disorders?
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Which diagnostic marker is associated with hypochloremic alkalosis?
Which diagnostic marker is associated with hypochloremic alkalosis?
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Which symptom is NOT a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa according to DSM-5?
Which symptom is NOT a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa according to DSM-5?
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What characterizes severe anorexia nervosa in adults based on BMI?
What characterizes severe anorexia nervosa in adults based on BMI?
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What hematological abnormality might be observed in individuals with eating disorders?
What hematological abnormality might be observed in individuals with eating disorders?
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Which of the following is a gastrointestinal consequence of eating disorders?
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal consequence of eating disorders?
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Which hormonal change is commonly observed in eating disorders?
Which hormonal change is commonly observed in eating disorders?
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Which of the following does NOT contribute to the criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following does NOT contribute to the criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa?
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What characterizes the restricting type of anorexia nervosa?
What characterizes the restricting type of anorexia nervosa?
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At what peak age does anorexia nervosa typically onset?
At what peak age does anorexia nervosa typically onset?
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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa?
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What is a common psychological trait associated with anorexia nervosa?
What is a common psychological trait associated with anorexia nervosa?
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What eating disorder shares overlapping features with anorexia nervosa?
What eating disorder shares overlapping features with anorexia nervosa?
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The binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa includes which of the following behaviors?
The binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa includes which of the following behaviors?
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What is a common demographic characteristic of individuals affected by anorexia nervosa?
What is a common demographic characteristic of individuals affected by anorexia nervosa?
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Which statement about anorexia nervosa is true?
Which statement about anorexia nervosa is true?
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Study Notes
Eating Disorders Overview
- Eating disorders are characterized by abnormal eating patterns
- Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have overlapping features
- 90% of those affected are female
Anorexia Nervosa
- Intense fear of weight gain
- Overvaluation of thinness
- Distorted body image
- Severe calorie restriction
- Low body weight
- Peak age of onset: 15-19 years
- Often precipitated by dieting or increased exercise
- Often associated with obsessive-compulsive traits
- Two types:
- Restricting type: Weight loss through diet, fasting, or excessive exercise
- Binge-eating/purging type: Eating binges followed by purging, such as self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, enemas or diuretics.
- Diagnostic criteria (DSM-5):
- Restriction of energy intake relative to needs
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Disturbed body image
- Minimum severity in adults is based on BMI; less than 18.5 kg/m^2
Etiology of Eating Disorders
- Temperamental: Individuals with anxiety in childhood are at increased risk
- Environmental: Cultural emphasis on thinness influences risk factors
- Genetic and Physiological: Increased risk among first-degree biological relatives; increased risk of depression and bipolar disorders
Clinical Features of Anorexia Nervosa
- Weight loss
- Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
- Cold intolerance
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Hypothyroidism
- Constipation
- Osteopenia/osteoporosis
- Extreme starvation
- Lethargy
- Lanugo (fine hair growth)
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
Medical Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa
- Endocrine: Pubertal delay, short stature, amenorrhea, sick euthyroid state
- Metabolic: Uremia, renal calculi, osteoporosis
- Cardiac: ECG abnormalities, T-wave inversion, ST depression, prolonged QT interval
- Gastrointestinal: Constipation, abnormal liver function tests
- Hematological: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia
Diagnostic Markers for Anorexia Nervosa
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochloremic
- Hypokalemic alkalosis
- Arrhythmia
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Transaminitis
- Leukopenia
- Normocytic, normochromic anemia
- Elevated BUN
Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge eating combined with behaviors to counteract weight gain
- Purging behaviors include laxatives, enemas, diuretics, self-induced vomiting, and fasting
- Peak onset typically in late adolescence or early adulthood (20-24 years)
- Often maintained at normal or slightly overweight weight
- More common than anorexia nervosa.
Etiology of Bulimia Nervosa
- Multifactorial: Similar factors as anorexia, including genetics and social theories
- Childhood Trauma: Childhood obesity and early pubertal maturation increase risk
- Genetic and Physiological: Increased risk among biological relatives with other disorders like depression and bipolar
Clinical Features of Bulimia Nervosa
- Near-normal weight
- Morbid fear of fatness
- Self-induced vomiting
- Binge eating
- Calluses on knuckles
- Parotid gland enlargement
- Pitted teeth
- Dental erosion
Medical Consequences of Bulimia Nervosa
- Endocrine: Parotid gland hypertrophy
- Metabolic: Metabolic alkalosis, electrolyte disturbances (K+, Cl−)
- Gastrointestinal: Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Diagnostic Markers for Bulimia Nervosa
- Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Elevated bicarbonate
- Hypernatremia
- Increased BUN
- Increased amylase
- Altered thyroid hormone
- Esophagitis
Management of Eating Disorders
- Nutritional rehabilitation: Food as the best medicine
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy: (CBT)
- Family therapy
- Medication: Antidepressants (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine
- Olanzapine for adults
- Maudsley approach (family-based treatment)
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of eating disorders, focusing on anorexia nervosa, its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and underlying factors. Understand the complexities surrounding these conditions as well as their prevalence and impact on individuals, particularly among females.
