Lecture 5

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of inhibitory control within higher-level cognitive processes?

To control impulses and override inappropriate actions (correct)

To improve task completion speed

To manipulate information in long-term memory

To enhance sensory perception

Which task is commonly used to measure inhibitory control?

Memory recall task

Go/no-go task (correct)

Attention span assessment

Dueling tasks analysis

Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive flexibility?

Enhanced focus on a single task

Ability to hold information in mind temporarily

Adaptation to changing contexts and task switching (correct)

Resistance to change in task execution

Lower-level cognitive processes primarily refer to which type of activities?

Basic sensory perception activities Signup and view all the answers

What effect has been observed among individuals with higher BMI regarding cognitive processes?

Decreased inhibitory control abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which level of eating behavior is primarily linked to physiological regulation and hunger?

Homeostatic Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component of eating behavior according to the health-oriented definition?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the complexity of eating behavior?

It is influenced by a combination of factors including genetics and environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes the role of eating behavior in behavioral medicine?

It combines the promotion of healthy eating with the treatment of various eating disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors would NOT typically influence meal timing and food selection?

BMI measurements Signup and view all the answers

What role does leptin play in regulating appetite?

Suppresses appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of neurons in the hypothalamus are associated with increased appetite?

AGRP/NPY Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ghrelin in the body?

Increases hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does insulin primarily promote in the body?

Uptake of glucose into cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main levels of food intake regulation mentioned?

Cognitive, Homeostatic, Reward Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT a component of the reward system in food intake?

Cognitive appraisal Signup and view all the answers

What increases the preference for a taste associated with glucose in rats?

Flavor-conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leptin resistance is accurate?

It can develop when starting to gain weight. Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic variant is NOT associated with individuals who prefer Marmite?

PRKCA Signup and view all the answers

The term 'social appetite' does NOT refer to which of the following?

The nutritional value of foods Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as explaining food choices in socio-cultural contexts?

Personal dietary preferences Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a food component for which there is a natural aversion?

Bitter Signup and view all the answers

Which concept emphasizes the interaction of biological and social factors in eating behaviors?

Biopsychosocial models Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a contributing factor of ‘McDonaldization’?

Global uniformity in dining experiences Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of food choices does NOT fall under the influence of marketing and social norms?

Cultural heritage of food preparation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study conducted by de Araujo et al. in 2020?

Assessment of food rewards and their psychological implications Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of food choice was investigated by Peng-Li et al. in their 2020 study?

The effects of taste-congruent soundtracks on visual attention Signup and view all the answers

In the meta-analysis by van der Laan et al., which factor was identified as crucial in processing visual food cues?

The initial visual appeal of food items Signup and view all the answers

What did the research by Tsegaye et al. in 2022 examine in relation to people with obesity?

The interaction of reward context and inhibitory control Signup and view all the answers

What concept is primarily discussed in the Annual Review of Psychology by Diamond in 2013?

Cognitive processes underpinning executive functions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor was found to influence the perception and evaluation of beers in the study by Reinoso-Carvalho et al.?

The auditory environment or soundscapes Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon was reported by Milosavljevic et al. regarding consumer choices?

Visual saliency differences bias consumer preferences Signup and view all the answers

What theme is addressed by Michels et al. in their 2023 paper regarding food choices?

The impact of digital nudges on healthier food selections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Eating Behavior?

Eating behavior is a complex interplay of physiologic, psychological, social and genetic factors that influence meal timing, quantity of food intake, food preference, and food selection
Eating behavior can be measured using questionnaires like the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
Eating behavior is health-oriented encompassing food choice and motives, feeding practices, dieting, and eating-related problems

Three Levels of Eating Behavior

Cognitive
Homeostatic
- Hunger
- Leptin (produced by fat stores)
- Ghrelin (produced by the stomach)
- Insulin (produced by pancreas)
Rewards
Flavor-conditioned Response

Homeostatic Regulation

Leptin is produced by fat stores and is anorexigenic (suppresses appetite)
Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and is orexigenic (increases hunger)
Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is anorexigenic (suppresses appetite)
Insulin promotes glucose uptake

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is the key regulator of food intake.
It contains two groups of neurons:
- AGRP/NPY - Orexigenic (increases hunger)
- POMC/CART - Anorexigenic (suppresses appetite)

Reward System

Reward system is divided into three components:
- Associative learning
- Incentive Salience
- Positively-valanced emotions
Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter associated with reward

Brain and Cognition

Cognition includes lower-level and higher-level cognitive processes:
- Lower-level: Basic sensory perception (seeing, smelling, tasting)
- Higher-level: Complex processing (making a decision, setting goals, controlling a desire to eat)

Higher-Level Cogntive Processes

Inhibitory Control: The ability to control impulses and override undesirable actions
Working Memory: Holding and manipulating information mentally.
Cognitive Flexibility: Adapting to changing contexts and switching between tasks

Acquired Taste

There are three genetic variants associated with Marmite lovers: SIX3, OR12D1, and NRXN3.
There are natural aversions to some food components like bitter and spicy.

Refers to the context of food production, distribution, consumption, and disposal.
Food choices are shaped by social context, and foods have social significance or meaning.

Indigenous tradition
Culinary history
McDonalization
Food Cosmopolitanism/Globalization
Politics
Marketing and social norms
Class

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the complex factors influencing eating behavior, including physiological, psychological, and social elements. This quiz covers the mechanisms of hunger and satiety, the roles of hormones like leptin, ghrelin, and insulin, and how they regulate food intake. Test your knowledge on the different levels of eating behavior and the questionnaires used to measure them.