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Questions and Answers
The patterns of ______ such as age of marriage and proportion of women ever married influence fertility.
The patterns of ______ such as age of marriage and proportion of women ever married influence fertility.
marriage
Postpartum ______ refers to the period for abstaining from sex following childbirth.
Postpartum ______ refers to the period for abstaining from sex following childbirth.
abstinence
Cultural determinants of fertility include belief systems, customs, and ______.
Cultural determinants of fertility include belief systems, customs, and ______.
traditions
Children are often seen as economic ______, contributing to wealth and labor.
Children are often seen as economic ______, contributing to wealth and labor.
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In some cultures, decisions about reproduction and family size are primarily the preserve of ______.
In some cultures, decisions about reproduction and family size are primarily the preserve of ______.
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Family planning programs aim to promote birth control and ______ communication.
Family planning programs aim to promote birth control and ______ communication.
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Programs and policies in East Africa aim to improve the quality of life and utilize resources ______.
Programs and policies in East Africa aim to improve the quality of life and utilize resources ______.
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The ______ of fertility is equated with virtue and spiritual approval in many cultures.
The ______ of fertility is equated with virtue and spiritual approval in many cultures.
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The Nilotic include Acholi of Uganda and the ______ of Kenya.
The Nilotic include Acholi of Uganda and the ______ of Kenya.
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The Teso, Nandi, and Kipsigis are Nilo-Hamitic but have given considerable attention to ______.
The Teso, Nandi, and Kipsigis are Nilo-Hamitic but have given considerable attention to ______.
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Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afro-asiatic language family spoken in the Horn of ______.
Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afro-asiatic language family spoken in the Horn of ______.
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Archaeological evidence of the Cushitic people's early existence was found around Kilimanjaro and ______.
Archaeological evidence of the Cushitic people's early existence was found around Kilimanjaro and ______.
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Most Europeans settled in ______ due to cooler climates in the highlands.
Most Europeans settled in ______ due to cooler climates in the highlands.
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Areas with the highest population densities in East Africa typically receive at least ______ mm of rainfall.
Areas with the highest population densities in East Africa typically receive at least ______ mm of rainfall.
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High population density in East Africa is observed in the Lake ______ region.
High population density in East Africa is observed in the Lake ______ region.
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High elevations of mountains in Uganda experience ______ density.
High elevations of mountains in Uganda experience ______ density.
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East Africa’s population is growing at a rapid pace for over the past ______ years.
East Africa’s population is growing at a rapid pace for over the past ______ years.
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Ethiopia’s population in 2023 is estimated to be ______.
Ethiopia’s population in 2023 is estimated to be ______.
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In Uganda, almost ______% of the population is under age 30.
In Uganda, almost ______% of the population is under age 30.
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The East ranks number one in Africa among sub-regions when ranked by ______.
The East ranks number one in Africa among sub-regions when ranked by ______.
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By 2030, the region will have ______ million children and youth.
By 2030, the region will have ______ million children and youth.
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The Bantu population includes groups such as the Denda, Teso, Kikuyu, and ______.
The Bantu population includes groups such as the Denda, Teso, Kikuyu, and ______.
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Approximately ______% of people in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda are below 15 years.
Approximately ______% of people in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda are below 15 years.
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The population growth rate in East Africa was ______% between 2013 and 2017.
The population growth rate in East Africa was ______% between 2013 and 2017.
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Study Notes
East Africa Population
- East Africa's population is growing rapidly over the past 40 years.
- Total population in East Africa was 436,268,501 (September 15, 2019) and 489,299,846 (November 5, 2023).
General Population Trends
- Key countries in East Africa have experienced significant population increases between 2019 and 2023.
Countries with High Population (2019 & 2023)
- Ethiopia: 112,078,730 (2019) and 126,527,060 (2023)
- Tanzania: 58,005,463 (2019) and 67,438,106 (2023)
- Kenya: 52,573,973 (2019) and 55,100,586 (2023)
- Uganda: 44,269,594 (2019) and 48,582,334 (2023)
Countries with Low Population (2019 & 2023)
- Eritrea: 3,497,117 (2019) and 3,748,901 (2023)
- Djibouti: 973,560 (2019) and 1,136,455 (2023)
- Comoros: 850,886 (2019) and 852,075 (2023)
- Seychelles: 97,739 (2019) and 107,660 (2023)
Major Population Trends - East Africa
- East Africa has one of the highest population growth rates globally (6.7% between 2013 and 2017).
- East Africa ranks number one in Africa in terms of population among sub-regions.
- Children and youth account for 80% of the region's total population (2010).
Population Characteristics
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45% of people in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda were below 15 years of age (2010).
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28% of the East African population are between 15 and 24 years old (2010).
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Almost 78% of Uganda's population was under 30 and about 1/4 were adolescents aged 10-19 (2010).
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Adolescent proportion of East Africa is 22.5% (2012).
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By 2030, 178 million East African youths will be living in urban areas (31% of them).
Racial Composition
- Three main races including Africans, Asians, and Europeans make up East Africa.
- Africans comprise over 98% and subgroups include Bantu, Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Cushitic speaking people.
Ethnic Groups (Kenya, 2005)
- Specific ethnic groups are highlighted for Kenya.
Specific Ethnic Group Details
- Bantu: Primarily focused in cultivation. Various tribes/groups identified.
- Nilotic: Known for cultivation and thin physical structures as well as curly hair. Specific groups (Acholi, Luo) are mentioned.
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Nilo-Hamitic: Mostly pastoralists, and subgroups mentioned: (Karamajong, Samburu, Masai).
- Teso, Nandi, and Kipsigis are also included, but lately have focused on cultivation.
- Cushitic: Hunters and pastoralists. Originate from the Horn of Africa and migrated to the highlands of Kenya and northern Tanzania.
Arab Settlers
- Arabs initially settled in East Africa as merchants, establishing trade hubs primarily along the coast of Tanzania (Pemba and Zanzibar).
European Settlers
- European settlement is focused primarily in Kenya due to favorable climate in highlands.
- European settlement in Tanzania was restricted to Usambara Mountains and Southern Highlands.
- European settlement was limited in Uganda due to high population density and lack of vast agricultural land.
- Indian subcontinent populations migrated to East Africa primarily to construct the railroad system, and later participated in trade. Many left in the 1970s due to political and economic factors.
Population Density & Distribution
- Population concentration closely follows rainfall patterns in East Africa.
- Areas with high density typically receive an average of 750mm of rainfall.
- Uganda has a population density of 297 people per square mile.
- Lake Victoria region and Rift Valley areas, plus coastal areas and islands, have high population density.
- Northern Kenya and central Tanzania deserts and high elevations have low population density.
Fertility and Population Change Dynamics
- Factors influencing fertility levels in East Africa are categorized as behavioral and biological.
Direct Determinants of Fertility
- Marriage patterns/Nuptiality: Age of marriage, percentage of ever-married women, and polygamy.
- Post-partum Abstinence: Length of time women abstain from sex following childbirth, often related to breastfeeding.
- Natural and Pathological Sterility: Medical and natural factors contributing to infertility/reduced fertility.
Non-Proximate Determinants of Fertility
- Socio-Economic: Income, education, and residential status.
- Cultural: Belief systems, customs, traditions.
- Historical, Environmental, and Poli-Institutional: Government policy, residential areas, medical institution effectiveness, and cultural value of childbirth and children.
Cultural Determinants of Fertility
- Family lineage is tied to the future through survivability.
- A child's death within the Kikuyu community is viewed as a temporary visitor, and subsequent births are viewed as reincarnation.
- In many communities, fertility is linked to virtue and spiritual approval.
General Reproduction Decisions
- Reproduction and family size decisions are typically within the purview of men, influencing contraceptive use among particular ethnic groups.
- Children are seen as an economic asset, providing wealth, prestige, and labor.
Population Projection and Growth Comparison
- Examples of population pyramids are given to analyze the population growth rates for various East African nations as well as other countries.
Population Management Programs & Policies
- Focus on improving quality of life, utilizing resources effectively, and promoting sustainable development.
- Specific programs mentioned for Kenya, including nutrition and healthcare clinics, and family planning.
Additional Reflection Questions
- Reasons for promoting population growth.
- Factors to consider in population management policy.
- Other countries' population programs and success (or failure).
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Description
Explore the significant changes in the population of East African countries from 2019 to 2023. This quiz covers key population statistics and trends, highlighting both high and low population countries in the region. Test your knowledge on the rapid growth rates affecting East Africa today.
