Questions and Answers
What is the flap of tissue that covers the earthworm's mouth?
The Prostomium
Where does the sperm, received during mating, enter the worm?
the seminal receptacle
How does the earthworm breathe?
through its epidermis or skin
What is the function of the clitellum?
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What is the cocoon?
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What are castings?
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The dorsal blood vessel transports the blood toward what end of the worm?
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What is the function of the typhlosole?
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What is the main organ of chemical digestion?
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By what is the nitrogenous waste removed?
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What is the function of the setae?
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What transports the blood?
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Where is the nerve cord located in the earthworm?
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What muscle causes the earthworm to shorten and become thicker?
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When the circular muscles contract, the worm becomes what?
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What waves move the blood within the dorsal blood vessel?
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What creates a vacuum to suck soil into the worm's mouth?
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Where is the sperm produced by the worm's testes stored?
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How many aortic arches does the worm have?
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By what is the food neutralized while in its esophagus?
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What has glands that secrete enzymes that help digest the worm's food?
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What is the function of the gizzard?
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What is a temporary storage place for food?
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What produces eggs?
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The _________ _________ bulge with sperm after a worm has mated?
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The worms _____ rests on top of the pharynx?
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Study Notes
Earthworm Anatomy and Physiology
- The prostomium is a flap of tissue that covers the earthworm's mouth.
- Sperm received during mating enters the worm through the seminal receptacle.
- Earthworms breathe through their skin (epidermis).
- The clitellum secretes mucus during mating.
Reproductive Structures
- The cocoon is a capsule that contains fertilized eggs.
- Sperm produced by the testes is stored in seminal vesicles.
- Ovaries are responsible for egg production.
- After mating, the seminal receptacle bulges with sperm.
Digestion and Excretion
- Castings are undigested food excreted from the worm's anus.
- The gizzard is the main organ for chemical digestion and grinding food.
- The typhlosole increases the intestinal surface area for enhanced digestion.
- Food is neutralized with calcium carbonate in the esophagus.
- Nephridia are responsible for removing nitrogenous waste.
Circulatory System
- The dorsal blood vessel transports blood toward the anterior end of the worm.
- Blood is transported through the ventral blood vessel.
- Peristaltic waves move the blood within the dorsal blood vessel.
Locomotion and Muscle Function
- Setae help earthworms anchor themselves for locomotion.
- Longitudinal muscles cause the worm to shorten and thicken.
- Circular muscles contracting make the worm thinner and longer.
Nervous System
- The nerve cord is located along the ventral side of the earthworm.
- The brain is situated above the pharynx.
Other Structures
- The crop serves as a temporary storage place for food.
- The pharynx creates a vacuum to suck soil into the worm's mouth.
- Glands in the intestine secrete enzymes that aid in food digestion.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of earthworms, including their reproductive structures and digestion processes. This quiz covers key concepts such as the role of the clitellum, the functions of nephridia, and details about the circulatory system. Perfect for biology students exploring invertebrate anatomy!
