SO1GE4 Major Feature of Earth Surface
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Questions and Answers

Where does the River Nile originate?

  • Lake Michigan
  • Lake Baikal
  • Lake Tanganyika
  • Lake Victoria (correct)

    • Which of the following rivers is the longest?

  • Mississippi River
  • Amazon River (correct)
  • River Nile
  • Yangtse River

    • What is a defining feature of a lake?

  • A flowing body of water
  • A hollow containing moving water
  • A high elevation body of water
  • A hollow or depression containing water (correct)

    • How is a rift valley different from other valleys?

    <p>It is a result of tectonic plate movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river is located in Asia?

    <p>Yangtse River (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical feature separates the continents of Europe and Asia?

    <p>The Ural Mountains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many continents are completely separated by oceans or seas?

    <p>Five (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered one of the major water bodies on Earth?

    <p>Ponds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides continents, what also comprises the landmasses of the earth's surface?

    <p>Vegetation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main feature of the Earth's surface is the focus of the provided text?

    <p>Landmasses and Water Bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a large inland body of water?

    <p>River (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated as the broad purpose of the included learning material?

    <p>To use and manage resources sustainably (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of Earth's surface covered by water bodies?

    <p>71% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is considered part of the Earth's surface?

    <p>The continents and oceans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the single giant landmass that existed in the beginning?

    <p>Pangaea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a group of islands mentioned as part of the African continent?

    <p>The Bahamas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean borders Africa to the west?

    <p>Atlantic Ocean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate area of Europe in million square kilometers?

    <p>10.1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately, what fraction of Africa lies within the tropics?

    <p>Three-quarters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of the Earth's surface covered by continental landmasses?

    <p>29% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the smallest continent?

    <p>Australia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent is described as being two-fifths the size of Africa?

    <p>Europe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean is mentioned in the text in relation to the islands of Unguja and Pemba?

    <p>Indian Ocean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the latitudinal position of Antarctica?

    <p>Mostly within latitude 66°S (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about a continent located entirely in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>It is mostly covered by ice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the meaning of a 'gulf'?

    <p>A part of the ocean that extends into a landmass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature formed by the interaction between landmasses and water bodies?

    <p>Islands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is stated to be the fifth-largest continent?

    <p>Antarctica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these continents is described as being crossed by all three major tropics?

    <p>Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sea borders Africa to the north?

    <p>Mediterranean Sea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate land area of Antarctica?

    <p>14 million square kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an extinct volcanic mountain?

    <p>Mount Rungwe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of residual mountains?

    <p>Erosion and weathering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mountains is classified as a residual mountain?

    <p>Ahaggar Mountains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a rift valley?

    <p>It is a deep and steep-sided depression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces are responsible for the formation of rift valleys?

    <p>Tensional or compressional forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain is NOT mentioned as a volcanic mountain?

    <p>Mount Chimborazo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the remaining rocks in residual mountains?

    <p>They are resistant rocks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of extinct volcanic mountains?

    <p>They have not erupted for a long time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain is located in Tanzania?

    <p>Mount Rungwe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is NOT associated with residual mountains?

    <p>Formation through volcanic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a basin?

    <p>It is a depression that collects water and sediments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between rivers and basins?

    <p>Rivers often drain basins situated above sea level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates natural lakes from man-made lakes?

    <p>Natural lakes are not modified by humans, while man-made lakes are constructed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a source for a river?

    <p>Melting glacier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause some lakes to be temporary rather than permanent?

    <p>Climatic variations in rainfall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent extends farthest south?

    <p>Australia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you were to travel directly west from Europe, which continent would you reach first?

    <p>North America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary geographical feature by which Europe is distinguished from Asia?

    <p>The Ural Mountains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent has a significant portion extending north of the Arctic Circle?

    <p>Asia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these continents has its boundaries detailed purely by landmasses, without reference to major oceans?

    <p>Europe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these continents most closely shares a similar latitudinal span with the others?

    <p>Asia and North America (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the longitudinal position of both Asia and North America?

    <p>They both span across both Eastern and Western hemispheres. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the order of continents from largest to smallest is Asia, North America, and then Europe, based solely on this text, what is most logically the rank of Africa?

    <p>Second largest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following continents is described as being located the farthest from the 180° E/W meridian?

    <p>Europe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the world's continents were arranged strictly by surface area, which statement would be true?

    <p>Africa would be larger than Europe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the distribution of land and water on Earth's surface, which of the following is the most accurate ratio?

    <p>Approximately 29% land and 71% water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, what is the primary characteristic of the Earth's surface?

    <p>It includes both landmasses and water bodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between Pangaea and the present-day continents?

    <p>Pangaea is the ancient supercontinent from which the current continents originated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text primarily categorize the islands of Unguja, Pemba, Mafia, and Mauritius?

    <p>As part of the African continent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the continents were arranged from the smallest to the largest in area, how would Europe's position be described according to the provided material?

    <p>It would be the sixth largest, meaning some would be larger and others smaller. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an accurate interpretation of the relationship between Africa’s size and Europe?

    <p>Europe is approximately two-fifths the size of Africa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary characteristic that distinguishes Lake Victoria from the other Tanzanian lakes listed?

    <p>It is the only lake classified as a basin lake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information, what is a key distinction between the distribution of water bodies between the northern and southern hemispheres?

    <p>The southern hemisphere has a greater surface area covered by water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT described as a type of major water body?

    <p>Ponds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, the Great East African Rift Valley is directly associated with the formation of which type of lake?

    <p>Rift valley lakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's surface does the text indicate is covered by water?

    <p>71% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, which characteristic defines both the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea?

    <p>They are examples of lakes that are so large they are called seas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is LEAST directly addressed in the text regarding the characteristics of water bodies?

    <p>The flow rate of different water bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides Tanzania, The Great East African Rift Valley is notable for creating:

    <p>A series of deep, linear depressions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the description of water bodies, as described in the text?

    <p>Water bodies can be either salty or fresh. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a student were studying a map, and wanted to find a lake known to be located in a rift valley, which of the provided list of lakes would be the best example?

    <p>Lake Tanganyika (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these geographical features is described as a narrow land stretch connecting two larger landmasses?

    <p>Isthmus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a 'cape'?

    <p>A pointed or narrow extension of land into a body of water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between a cape and a peninsula, based on the provided text?

    <p>A peninsula is always larger than a cape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between a strait and two landmasses?

    <p>A strait separates two large landmasses with a narrow waterway. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is the primary factor that distinguishes different relief features on the continents?

    <p>Altitude and steepness of the land (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the geographical features of continents, based on the content provided?

    <p>Each continent has its own distinct geographical features. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Antarctica is accurate according to its description?

    <p>It lies in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a major relief feature of a continent?

    <p>Rivers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a correct pairing of a geographical feature and a location?

    <p>Luzon Strait - Taiwan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the extreme low temperatures in Antarctica, as noted in the text?

    <p>The text cites the temperature is below freezing point but does not state the specific cause of low temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that defines a river's mouth, where it discharges its water?

    <p>A location where the river's waters meet and mix with a larger body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or swamp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which of these is the most accurate understanding of the relationship between rivers and basins?

    <p>Rivers are formed by the water collecting and flowing within basins, their courses often following the basin's contours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the context of the passage, which of the following statements most accurately captures the economic importance of rivers?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly explains the concept of a river mouth as described in the text?

    <p>The place where the river's water is discharged into another water body, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or swamp. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, what is the fundamental purpose of the text in relation to rivers?

    <p>To provide a brief introduction to the concept of rivers and highlight their importance in a broader context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two major landmasses formed after the breakup of Pangaea?

    <p>Gondwana and Laurasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body of water separated the landmasses of Laurasia and Gondwana?

    <p>Tethys Sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continents are included in the landmass of Laurasia?

    <p>North America, Europe, and Asia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many continents are recognized on Earth?

    <p>Seven (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about islands adjacent to continents is accurate?

    <p>They are part of continents due to similar rock structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the superocean that surrounded Pangaea?

    <p>Panthalassa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the recognized continents on Earth?

    <p>Oceania (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following continents is noted for being largely covered by a massive ice sheet?

    <p>Antarctica (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent is described as having a significant portion extending north of the Arctic Circle?

    <p>Asia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arrangement can be used to classify continents based on their size?

    <p>From largest to smallest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the single giant landmass in the beginning of Earth's formation?

    <p>Pangaea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following islands is NOT part of the African continent?

    <p>Fiji (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the Earth's surface is covered by continental landmasses?

    <p>29% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the climate diversity among the continents?

    <p>Continents vary significantly in climate, influenced by geographical features. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fraction of the Earth's surface do water bodies cover?

    <p>71% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent has the largest total area?

    <p>Asia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the southernmost latitude that Asia reaches?

    <p>10° S (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range separates Europe from Asia?

    <p>Ural Mountains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total area of North America?

    <p>24.7 million square kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction is Europe located in relation to Asia?

    <p>West (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean lies to the north of North America?

    <p>Arctic Ocean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated area of Europe in million square kilometers?

    <p>20 million square kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent is described as the smallest?

    <p>Australia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body of water borders North America to the south?

    <p>Mediterranean Sea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the northernmost latitude range that Asia encompasses?

    <p>80° N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Africa's geographical location?

    <p>Africa extends from 15°W to 50°E and is crossed by the Equator. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Antarctica?

    <p>Antarctica is referred to as the 'island continent'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of water bodies in relation to continental landmasses?

    <p>Water bodies contribute to the formation of features like gulfs and peninsulas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical feature can be classified as a part of a body of water penetrating land?

    <p>A gulf (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the tropics?

    <p>The Tropic of Cancer is located south of the Equator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the geographical boundaries of Africa?

    <p>It extends from 35°S to 37°N and 15°W to 50°E. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT formed by the interaction between landmasses and water bodies?

    <p>Mountain ranges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of Antarctica's geographical location?

    <p>It is located entirely within 66° S latitude. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is mentioned as part of the world's important gulfs?

    <p>The Gulf of Bengal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements regarding the area of Africa is accurate?

    <p>The majority of Africa lies within the tropics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major Features of the Earth's Surface

    • Earth's surface is the outermost layer, comprising landmasses (continents and islands) and water bodies (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers).
    • Landmasses cover approximately 29% of the surface, while water bodies cover about 71%.
    • Continents are major landmasses rising from the ocean floor, typically surrounded by oceans and seas.
    • Seven continents exist: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

    Continents

    • Continents are arranged by size, with Asia being the largest.
    • Asia covers over one-third of the Earth's land surface.
    • Africa is the second largest continent.
    • North America is the third largest and is bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans.
    • South America is bordered by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
    • Antarctica is the fifth largest, mostly within 66° S latitude. It is not inhabited by humans due to extremely low, freezing temperatures.
    • Europe is the sixth largest, situated to the west of Asia, bordered by the Arctic, Atlantic, and Mediterranean Oceans. The Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia.
    • Australia is the smallest, also known as the "island continent," bordered by the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
    • Pangaea, a single supercontinent, previously existed, breaking up into Laurasia and Gondwana, which later separated into the present continents.

    Major Relief Features

    • Continents have diverse relief features, including plains, plateaus, mountains and basins.
    • Plains are flat areas of land. Examples include the Serengeti Plains, Siberia, North European Plains, Indo-Gangetic Plains, and the Great Central Plains of North America;
    • Plateaus are raised, flat areas of land. Examples include the African, Arabian, Bolivian, and Tibetan plateaus;
    • Mountains are landforms that rise high above surrounding areas. Fold mountains, formed by earth's compression, include the Himalayas, the Rockies, the Andes. Block mountains are formed by tensional or compressional forces in the crust; volcanic mountains form due to magma erupting onto the surface (e.g., Kilimanjaro, Vesuvius, Oldonyo Lengai, Nyiragongo). Residual mountains are formed by weathering/erosion (e.g., Sekenke Hills, Ahaggar Mountains, Adamawa Mountains).

    Water Bodies

    • Water bodies include oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers.
    • Oceans are large bodies of salt water covering most of the Earth's surface. Examples: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.
    • An ocean is larger than a sea, which is also a large body of saltwater surrounded by land. Examples: Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, South China Sea, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea.
    • Rivers are freshwater flowing from source to mouth. Examples: Nile, Congo, Amazon, Rufiji, Ruvuma, Kagera, Pangani, Malagarasi, Ruaha, Wami, Ruvu.
    • Lakes are bodies of water surrounded by land, including both freshwater and saltwater lakes. Examples: Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, Rukwa, Manyara, Eyasi. Some large lakes are termed seas (e.g., Caspian Sea).
    • The major rivers of Tanzania include the Rufiji, Ruvuma, Kagera, Pangani, Malagarasi, Ruaha, Wami, and Ruvu. The Nile River, Congo River, Yangtze River, and Mississippi River are globally significant.

    Other Features

    • Gulfs are parts of oceans that extend into land. Examples: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Bengal, Gulf of Guinea.
    • Capes are pointed pieces of land extending into water. Examples: Cape of Good Hope, Cape Horn, Cape Leeuwin.
    • Peninsulas are landmasses almost entirely surrounded by water. Examples: Msasani peninsula, Arabian, Alaskan, Indo-China.
    • Isthmuses are narrow strips of land connecting two larger landmasses. Examples: Isthmus of Panama, Suez.
    • Straits are narrow bodies of water separating landmasses. Examples: Strait of Gibraltar, Luzon Strait, Makassar Strait.
    • Islands are pieces of land completely surrounded by water. Examples: Zanzibar, Comoros, Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoro, (and other islands mentioned).
    • Basins are natural depressions on the earth's surface.
    • Ocean floor features include continental shelves, slopes, continental rises, ridges, plains, and trenches (deep sea plains, oceanic trenches).
    • Islands can be continental, oceanic, or coral. Examples of archipelagos include Zanzibar and the Comoros.

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