Earth's Resources and Mineral Deposits
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of pollution prevention?

  • To recycle used items
  • To treat contaminated water
  • To promote energy efficiency
  • To stop pollution from entering the environment (correct)

Which act specifically aimed to protect drinking water resources?

  • Clean Air Act
  • Clean Water Act
  • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  • Safe Drinking Water Act (correct)

What did the Clean Air Act establish regarding air quality?

  • Settings for land resource management
  • National Ambient Air Quality Standards for criteria pollutants (correct)
  • Tax incentives for pollution control
  • Requirements for recycling programs

Which of the following is a method to prevent water pollution?

<p>Reducing point source pollution through regulations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recycling according to the content covered?

<p>To save energy and reduce pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes renewable resources from nonrenewable resources?

<p>Renewable resources can be replenished in a short time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a fossil fuel?

<p>Wind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tar sands and oil shale is accurate?

<p>They could supplement declining petroleum supplies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are mineral deposits primarily formed?

<p>From igneous processes and hydrothermal solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nonmetallic mineral resources primarily used for?

<p>For their physical and chemical properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant advantage of solar energy?

<p>Its fuel source is free. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nuclear fission, what happens to the uranium nuclei?

<p>They split and release energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does hydroelectric power rely on?

<p>The energy generated from falling water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which geothermal energy is harnessed?

<p>Tapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of tidal power generation?

<p>It requires a dam across the mouth of a bay or estuary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines point source pollution?

<p>Pollution from a known specific location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect the environment?

<p>It alters the carbon cycle and contributes to global warming. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of mining on land resources?

<p>Soil erosion and pollution that contaminates soil and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes conservation?

<p>Careful use of resources to maintain their availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is runoff in the context of water pollution?

<p>Water flowing over land carrying pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental issue is primarily caused by the conversion of air pollutants into acids?

<p>Acid precipitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished quickly, like within months or years.

Nonrenewable Resources

Resources that form over millions of years, not easily replenished.

Fossil Fuels

Hydrocarbons used for fuel, like coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from ancient plants and animals.

Solar Energy

Energy from the sun, a free and clean source.

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Nuclear Energy

Energy released from splitting atoms (nuclear fission).

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Wind Energy

Energy generated by using wind turbines to turn generators.

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Hydroelectric Power

Energy produced by using falling water to spin turbines and generate electricity.

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Mineral Deposit Formation

Mineral deposits often form through volcanic processes and hot water solutions (hydrothermal).

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Pollution Prevention

Actions taken to stop pollution from entering the environment. This can involve changes in production processes, using cleaner technologies, or reducing waste.

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Clean Water Act (CWA)

A law passed in 1972 that aimed to reduce or eliminate point source pollution (pollution coming from a specific location) into surface waters.

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Safe Drinking Water Act

A 1974 law designed to protect public drinking water resources from contamination. It sets standards for public water systems.

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Clean Air Act

The most important air pollution law in the US, passed in the 1970s. It aims to reduce air pollution and protect public health.

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Air quality standards set by the US government for six major pollutants (carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates).

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Geothermal Energy

Energy generated by tapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water. Hot water is used directly for heating and to turn turbines that generate electricity.

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Tidal Power

Energy harnessed by building a dam across the mouth of a bay or estuary. The strong in-and-out flow of tidal water drives turbines and electric generators.

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Point Source Pollution

Pollution coming from a specific, identifiable source like factory pipes.

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Nonpoint Source Pollution

Pollution without a specific point of origin, often carried by runoff from land.

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Runoff

Water flowing over the land instead of seeping into the ground, often carrying pollutants.

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Carbon Dioxide's Effect

Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere alters the carbon cycle and contributes to global warming, the unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere.

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Acid Precipitation

Pollutants in the air are converted into acids through chemical reactions, causing acid rain.

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Mining's Impact

Mining destroys soil, vegetation, and Earth's contours, causes soil erosion, and pollutes soil and water, damaging ecosystems.

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Study Notes

Earth's Resources

  • Earth's resources are categorized as renewable and nonrenewable.
  • Renewable resources replenish within short spans of time (months to decades).
  • Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form.

Fossil Fuels

  • Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons used as fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas).

Oil Traps

  • Anticlines are common oil traps.
  • Oil, gas, and water are trapped within layers of rock.

Tar Sands and Oil Shale

  • Tar sands and oil shales can become substitutes for dwindling petroleum.

Mineral Deposits

  • Important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and hydrothermal solutions.
  • Ore is a useful metallic mineral that can be mined profitably.

Mineral-Rich Hot Water

  • Mineral-rich hot water seeps into rock fractures.
  • Hydrothermal deposits can form in these fractures.

Nonmetallic Mineral Resources

  • Nonmetallic mineral resources are extracted for their nonmetallic elements or physical/chemical properties.

Uses of Nonmetallic Minerals

  • A table lists various nonmetallic minerals, their uses, and geological occurrences.

Alternate Energy Sources

  • Solar energy is free and non-polluting.
  • Nuclear fission splits heavy atoms (like uranium-235) when bombarded with neutrons, and releases heat energy.

Wind Energy

  • Wind power can meet 5-10% of electricity demand in the next 50-60 years.

Hydroelectric Power

  • Hydroelectric power is generated by falling water.
  • Stored water behind dams releases energy to produce electricity.
  • Strong water flow drives turbines to generate electricity.

Geothermal Energy

  • Geothermal energy taps natural underground steam and hot water reservoirs.
  • Hot water heats buildings or turns turbines.

Tidal Power

  • Tidal power is harnessed by constructing dams across bays or estuaries.
  • The strong in-and-out flow of tidal water drives turbines.

Water, Air, and Land Resources

  • People use fresh water for daily activities.
  • Freshwater pollution has point (specific source) and nonpoint (unspecific) sources.
  • Runoff is water flowing over land.

Pollution in the Air

  • Increased carbon dioxide alters the carbon cycle and contributes to global warming.
  • Air pollutants react to form acids, causing acid rain.

Major Primary Pollutants

  • A pie chart shows the percentages of major primary pollutants and their sources.

Land Resources

  • Land provides soil, forests, minerals and energy.
  • Mining can damage land resources through soil, vegetation and contour damage as well as erosion and pollution.
  • Surface mining significantly impacts Earth's surface.

Protecting Resources

  • Conservation involves careful resource use.
  • Pollution prevention stops pollutants from entering the environment.
  • Laws like the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act were established to protect and improve water quality.

Saving Energy

  • Ways to save energy include recycling, using solar energy, energy-efficient light bulbs, and turning off appliances.

Caring for Land Resources

  • Protecting land resources includes preventing pollution and managing resources wisely.
  • Composting and recycling are methods of managing resources wisely. Note: The provided OCR contains some unclear/partial data, so this summarized info is based on the provided text.

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Earth Science - Fundamentals of Earth Science - ES 1 - PDF

Description

Explore the different categories of Earth's resources, including renewable and nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels and mineral deposits. Learn about the formation of important minerals through geological processes and the significance of oil traps and hydrothermal deposits. This quiz will enhance your understanding of resource management and geological formations.

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